Exercise - Foucault + Deleuze
The means of correct training, Foucault.
"The disciplinary power is to train"- body and mind is transformed / shaped "is the specific technique of a power that regards individuals both as objects and as instruments of its exercise"
Disciplinary society uses the means of correct training by using the following techniques:
- Hierarchical observation;
- Normalizing judgement;
- Examination
As for the hierarchical observation development of different surveillance techniques: technology: "building eyes that see without being seen", eg.: the telescope. Invisibility is the key! construction of observatories; spacial organization / layout design for best "general visibility", military camp - is the ideal model / school - imperative principles; teachers as supervisors. hospital infrastructures. circular architecture panoptican Arc-et-Senans: "the perfect disciplinary apparatus would make it possible for a single gaze to see everything constantly" pyramid even more efficient: "to form an uninterrupted network- consequently the possibility of multiplying its levels, and of distributing them over the entire surface to be supervised" increase surveillance &/ consequently functionality. surveillance > economic operator (improving profit) : part of the labour process / industrialized system of production; "labour under the control of capital" / power "physics of power, the hold over the body, operate according to the laws of optics and mechanics"
As for normalizing judgement
"power of the norm"= "homogeneity s the rule"
definition of mass behavior / "universal recognized behavior/agreement"
disciplinary punishment "involves a double juridico-natural reference": artificial (set by laws and regulations) & natural (defined by observable processes of the "norm"/ mainstream behavior / surroundings).
"punish is to exercise"; repetition and insistence is required to best accomplish the corrective goal.
another duality: gratification-punishment. "good & evil"
"Rank in itself serves as a reward or punishment"- level/value of the individual in comparison to the others, via a classification system / categories / qualification.
education =standardization of industrial processes
"conform to the same model". - unity
"The perpetual penalty that traverses all points and supervises every instant in the disciplinary institutions compares, differentiates, hierarchizes, homogenizes, excludes. In short, it normalizes"
As for the examination examination= "formation of knowledge & exercise of power" a combination of the strategies used at the previously analyzed matters of observation and normalization within our society. eg.: health care system/ Hospital. School/ education system: comparison/ measuring / judging "subjects" turned into "objects", examination being the "ceremony of this objectification". examination also serves as means to capture / trace / fix individuals > documentation / registration. "individual as a case". writing opens up two possibilities: "constitution of the individual as a describable, analyzable object"+ "constitution of a comparative system that made possible the measurement of overall phenomena, the description of groups, the characterizaton of collective facts, the calculation of gaps between individuals, their distribution in a given population"
power > produces reality > the truth.
"The individual is no doubt the fictitious atom of an ideological representation of society; but he is also a reality fabricated by this specific technology I have called discipline"
behavior is regulated. personality defined. individuality constructed to fit in a whole - collective - society.
Postscripts on the societies of control, Deleuze.
- Historical;
- Logic;
- Program.
As for historical
Disciplinary societies : "organization of vast spaces of enclosure" "the factory: to concentrate, to disribute in space, to orde in time, to compuse productive force within the dimension of space-time" societies of sovereignty : transience societies of control: replacing all above. "liberating and enslaving"
As for logic
"common language"; "controls are a modulation" "he factory is replaced by the corporation.
As for program
