Microcontroller 101

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09-04-2024 e̅l̅e̅c̅t̅r̅o̅n̅i̅c̅ ̅e̅n̅v̅i̅r̅o̅n̅m̅e̅n̅t̅s̅

https://pzwiki.wdka.nl/mw-mediadesign/images/7/7e/Cricket.mp4

sensors and actuators

introduction to Arduino

LOLIN 32 Installation party :~)

Wemos LOLIN32 - ESP32

step 1: download Arduino software

step 2: download driver for microcontroller

step 3: install driver

_windows: open Device Manager >> find UART device >> right click and update driver >> select driver

Hello World!

in the Arduino program, select the correct board (WEMOS LOLIN32) and select the USB port you are using (if you are unsure, check the listed ports, unplug and see what changed)

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
}

void loop() {
  Serial.println("Hello World!");   //sends a message to the computer
}

Simple Led blink example

int ledPin = 13;               //the int ledPin is 13

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT);      //ledPin is a OUTPUT
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH);   //turns pin 13 on
  delay(500);                  //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
  digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);    //turns pin 13 off
  delay(500);                  //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
}

Traffic light example

int RedLedPin = 13;                 //the int RedLedPin is 13
int GreenLedPin = 12;               //the int GreenLedPin is 12

void setup() {
  pinMode(RedLedPin,OUTPUT);        //ledPin is a OUTPUT
  pinMode(GreenLedPin,OUTPUT);      //ledPin is a OUTPUT

}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,HIGH);   //turns green led  on
  delay(5000);                      //stops the loop for 5000 milliseconds
  for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){       //this for loop gets 5 times repeated
    digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,LOW);  //turns green led off
    delay(500);                     //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
    digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,HIGH); //turns green led off
    delay(500);                     //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
  }
  digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,LOW);    //turns green led off
  digitalWrite(RedLedPin,HIGH);     //turns red led on
  delay(5000);                      //stops the loop for 5000 milliseconds
  digitalWrite(RedLedPin,LOW);      //turns red led on
}

how to document

>> template:

title

This sketch does this

components list

Led
220ohm resistor
type of sensor

16-04-24 ⱤØ฿Ø₮Ⱬ

#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>
CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);       
long raw;
void setup(){
   sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
   Serial.begin(115200);
   Serial.println("raw");
}
void loop(){
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);
  Serial.println(raw);
  delay(10);
}

Theremin

#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>

CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);  

int speaker = 13;               //connect a speaker between pin 13 and GND
long raw;


void setup(){
   sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
   Serial.begin(115200);
   Serial.println("raw");
}
void loop(){
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);                 //lowest  450 & highest 750
  raw = min(raw, 750);                               //max value of raw is 750
  raw = max(raw, 10);                                //min value of raw is 10
  long speakerValue = map(raw,450,750,100,4000);     //scales to value from 450 and 750 to 100 and 4000
  tone(speaker,speakerValue);                        //plays the frequency (raw) on port 13(speaker)
  Serial.print(raw);
  Serial.print(" ");
  Serial.println(speakerValue);
  
}

Capactive sensor as button

#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>

CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);  

int speaker = 13;
long raw;


void setup(){
   sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
   Serial.begin(115200);
   Serial.println("raw");
}
void loop(){
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);         //lowest  450 & highest 750
  if(raw > 600){                             //if raw is bigger than 600
    Serial.println("touched");               //print "touched"
    tone(speaker,440);                       //play a tone with 440 hz
    delay(1000);                             //stop 1000 second
    noTone(speaker);                         //stop playing the tone
  }
  delay(10);
  
}

Servo motor movement between 0 and 90 degrees

//this example controls a standard servo motor and moves it between 0 and 90 degrees
//the servo has three different wires
//the red wire is plus and connected to 5v
//the brown wire is minus and connected to GND
//the orange wire is the signal wire and connected to pin 3 (remember the ~-symbol - it means PWM)

#include <Servo.h>



Servo theServo; 

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  theServo.attach(3);  
}

void loop() {
  for(int i = 0; i < 90; i++){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(50);
  }
  for(int i = 90; i > 0; i--){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(10);    
  }
}

automatic trash can - servo motor connected capactive sensor

#include <Servo.h>
#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>

CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);  

Servo theServo; 
long raw;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  theServo.attach(3);  
  sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("raw");
}

void loop() {
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);    //lowest  450 & highest 750
  if(raw > 600){                        //if raw is bigger than 600
    open();                             //do void open
    delay(4000);                        //wait for 4 seconds
    close();                            //close void opne
  }
}

void open(){
  //open
  for(int i = 0; i < 90; i++){          //count from 0 to 90 
    theServo.write(i);                  //move the servo from 0 to 90
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(50);
  }
}

void close(){
  //close
  for(int i = 90; i > 0; i--){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(10);    
  }
}

trash can controlled by serial commands

//in this sketch the servo is controlled by serial commands from the computer
//if you send the letter "o" to the arudino it will execute "void open()"
//if you send the letter "c" to the arduino it will execute "void close()"
#include <Servo.h>  //import the servo library

Servo theServo;    //create a servo

void setup() {    
  Serial.begin(115200);            //serial connection
  theServo.attach(3);              //theServo is at port 3 (remeber the ~(PWM)-Symbol
}

void loop() {
  if(Serial.available()){        //if there is a serial command comming
    char command = Serial.read();   //read the serial command
    if(command == 'o'){             //is the command and 'o'
      open();                       //do void open
    }
    if(command == 'c'){
      close();
    }
  }
}

void open(){           
  //open
  for(int i = 0; i < 90; i++){                //count from 0 to 90 with int i
    theServo.write(i);                        //i is the servo position
    Serial.println(i);                        //print the servo position to the serial monitor
    delay(50);                                //wait for 50 milliseconds
  }
}

void close(){
  //close
  for(int i = 90; i > 0; i--){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(10);    
  }
}

Potentiometer opening the trash can

//in this sketch the servo is controlled by an potentiometer
//a potentiometer is a variable resistor that can be changed by rotation
#include <Servo.h>  //import the servo library

Servo theServo;    //create a servo

void setup() {    
  Serial.begin(115200);            //serial connection
  theServo.attach(3);              //theServo is at port 3 (remeber the ~(PWM)-Symbol
}

void loop() {
  int value = analogRead(A0);      //read the analog pin A0 the value is between 0 and 1023
  value = map(value,0,1023,0,180); //adjust value from 0 to 1023 to 0 and 180 because the servo works with degrees
  theServo.write(value);
}

painting machine

//in this sketch one poti controls one servo
#include <Servo.h>

Servo jointOne;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("start");
  jointOne.attach(10);
}

void loop() {
  int value = analogRead(A0);
  value = map(value, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
  jointOne.write(value);
  delay(10);
}

Motor control

//connect the dc-motor to the motorshield motor port 1
//connect a external power source
#include <Adafruit_MotorShield.h>

Adafruit_MotorShield AFMS = Adafruit_MotorShield();
Adafruit_DCMotor *myMotor = AFMS.getMotor(1);


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);          
  AFMS.begin();
  myMotor->setSpeed(200);
  myMotor->run(RELEASE);
}


void loop() {
  myMotor->run(FORWARD);     //forward 
  myMotor->setSpeed(255);    //max speed
  delay(2000);    

  myMotor->run(RELEASE);     //break 
  delay(2000);    

  myMotor->run(BACKWARD);    //backward 
  myMotor->setSpeed(255);    //max speed
  delay(2000);    

  myMotor->run(RELEASE);     //break 
  delay(2000);    

}