Microcontroller 101

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09-04-2024

Introduction

2. Introduction Arduino

Hello World!

void setup() {
}

void loop() {
  Serial.println("Hello World!");   //sends a message to the computer
}

Simple Led blink example

File:Led-blink.png

int ledPin = 13;               //the int ledPin is 13

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin,OUTPUT);      //ledPin is a OUTPUT
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(ledPin,HIGH);   //turns pin 13 on
  delay(500);                  //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
  digitalWrite(ledPin,LOW);    //turns pin 13 off
  delay(500);                  //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
}

Traffic light example

File:Led-traffic-light bb.png

int RedLedPin = 13;                 //the int RedLedPin is 13
int GreenLedPin = 12;               //the int GreenLedPin is 12

void setup() {
  pinMode(RedLedPin,OUTPUT);        //ledPin is a OUTPUT
  pinMode(GreenLedPin,OUTPUT);      //ledPin is a OUTPUT

}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,HIGH);   //turns green led  on
  delay(5000);                      //stops the loop for 5000 milliseconds
  for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){       //this for loop gets 5 times repeated
    digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,LOW);  //turns green led off
    delay(500);                     //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
    digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,HIGH); //turns green led off
    delay(500);                     //stops the loop for 500 milliseconds
  }
  digitalWrite(GreenLedPin,LOW);    //turns green led off
  digitalWrite(RedLedPin,HIGH);     //turns red led on
  delay(5000);                      //stops the loop for 5000 milliseconds
  digitalWrite(RedLedPin,LOW);      //turns red led on
}

16-04-24

robotz

File:Theremin.png

#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>
CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);       
long raw;
void setup(){
   sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
   Serial.begin(115200);
   Serial.println("raw");
}
void loop(){
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);
  Serial.println(raw);
  delay(10);
}

Theremin

#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>

CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);  

int speaker = 13;               //connect a speaker between pin 13 and GND
long raw;


void setup(){
   sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
   Serial.begin(115200);
   Serial.println("raw");
}
void loop(){
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);                 //lowest  450 & highest 750
  raw = min(raw, 750);                               //max value of raw is 750
  raw = max(raw, 10);                                //min value of raw is 10
  long speakerValue = map(raw,450,750,100,4000);     //scales to value from 450 and 750 to 100 and 4000
  tone(speaker,speakerValue);                        //plays the frequency (raw) on port 13(speaker)
  Serial.print(raw);
  Serial.print(" ");
  Serial.println(speakerValue);
  
}

Capactive sensor as button

#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>

CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);  

int speaker = 13;
long raw;


void setup(){
   sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
   Serial.begin(115200);
   Serial.println("raw");
}
void loop(){
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);         //lowest  450 & highest 750
  if(raw > 600){                             //if raw is bigger than 600
    Serial.println("touched");               //print "touched"
    tone(speaker,440);                       //play a tone with 440 hz
    delay(1000);                             //stop 1000 second
    noTone(speaker);                         //stop playing the tone
  }
  delay(10);
  
}

Servo motor movement between 0 and 90 degrees

//this example controls a standard servo motor and moves it between 0 and 90 degrees
//the servo has three different wires
//the red wire is plus and connected to 5v
//the brown wire is minus and connected to GND
//the orange wire is the signal wire and connected to pin 3 (remember the ~-symbol - it means PWM)

#include <Servo.h>



Servo theServo; 

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  theServo.attach(3);  
}

void loop() {
  for(int i = 0; i < 90; i++){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(50);
  }
  for(int i = 90; i > 0; i--){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(10);    
  }
}

automatic trash can - servo motor connected capactive sensor

#include <Servo.h>
#include <CapacitiveSensor.h>

CapacitiveSensor   sensor = CapacitiveSensor(8,11);  

Servo theServo; 
long raw;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  theServo.attach(3);  
  sensor.set_CS_AutocaL_Millis(0xFFFFFFFF);    
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("raw");
}

void loop() {
  raw = sensor.capacitiveSensor(10);    //lowest  450 & highest 750
  if(raw > 600){                        //if raw is bigger than 600
    open();                             //do void open
    delay(4000);                        //wait for 4 seconds
    close();                            //close void opne
  }
}

void open(){
  //open
  for(int i = 0; i < 90; i++){          //count from 0 to 90 
    theServo.write(i);                  //move the servo from 0 to 90
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(50);
  }
}

void close(){
  //close
  for(int i = 90; i > 0; i--){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(10);    
  }
}

trash can controlled by serial commands

//in this sketch the servo is controlled by serial commands from the computer
//if you send the letter "o" to the arudino it will execute "void open()"
//if you send the letter "c" to the arduino it will execute "void close()"
#include <Servo.h>  //import the servo library

Servo theServo;    //create a servo

void setup() {    
  Serial.begin(115200);            //serial connection
  theServo.attach(3);              //theServo is at port 3 (remeber the ~(PWM)-Symbol
}

void loop() {
  if(Serial.available()){        //if there is a serial command comming
    char command = Serial.read();   //read the serial command
    if(command == 'o'){             //is the command and 'o'
      open();                       //do void open
    }
    if(command == 'c'){
      close();
    }
  }
}

void open(){           
  //open
  for(int i = 0; i < 90; i++){                //count from 0 to 90 with int i
    theServo.write(i);                        //i is the servo position
    Serial.println(i);                        //print the servo position to the serial monitor
    delay(50);                                //wait for 50 milliseconds
  }
}

void close(){
  //close
  for(int i = 90; i > 0; i--){
    theServo.write(i);
    Serial.println(i);
    delay(10);    
  }
}

Potentiometer opening the trash can

File:Servo potentiometer.png

//in this sketch the servo is controlled by an potentiometer
//a potentiometer is a variable resistor that can be changed by rotation
#include <Servo.h>  //import the servo library

Servo theServo;    //create a servo

void setup() {    
  Serial.begin(115200);            //serial connection
  theServo.attach(3);              //theServo is at port 3 (remeber the ~(PWM)-Symbol
}

void loop() {
  int value = analogRead(A0);      //read the analog pin A0 the value is between 0 and 1023
  value = map(value,0,1023,0,180); //adjust value from 0 to 1023 to 0 and 180 because the servo works with degrees
  theServo.write(value);
}

painting machine

//in this sketch one poti controls one servo
#include <Servo.h>

Servo jointOne;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("start");
  jointOne.attach(10);
}

void loop() {
  int value = analogRead(A0);
  value = map(value, 0, 1023, 0, 180);
  jointOne.write(value);
  delay(10);
}

Motor control

//connect the dc-motor to the motorshield motor port 1
//connect a external power source
#include <Adafruit_MotorShield.h>

Adafruit_MotorShield AFMS = Adafruit_MotorShield();
Adafruit_DCMotor *myMotor = AFMS.getMotor(1);


void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);          
  AFMS.begin();
  myMotor->setSpeed(200);
  myMotor->run(RELEASE);
}


void loop() {
  myMotor->run(FORWARD);     //forward 
  myMotor->setSpeed(255);    //max speed
  delay(2000);    

  myMotor->run(RELEASE);     //break 
  delay(2000);    

  myMotor->run(BACKWARD);    //backward 
  myMotor->setSpeed(255);    //max speed
  delay(2000);    

  myMotor->run(RELEASE);     //break 
  delay(2000);    

}