HTML/CSS Memo: Difference between revisions

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==Intro==
This is for the beginners <br>
In the first session we want to look at this page: [[Protocols for Collective Performance: Radio Broadcast 2]]
[[File:Chalkboard-code.jpg|frameless|center|chalkboard-code]]
==HTML Tags==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ HTML
|+ HTML
Line 4: Line 10:
! Human Language !! HTML Tag
! Human Language !! HTML Tag
|-
|-
| html document || <nowiki><htm></html></nowiki>
| Html document || <source lang="html"><htm></html></source>
|-
|-
| metadata (title, link to css and script etc) || <nowiki><head></head></nowiki>
| Metadata (title, link to css and script etc) || <source lang="html"><head></head></source>
|-
|-
| Content of the page || <nowiki><body></body></nowiki>
| Content of the page || <source lang="html"><body></body></source>
|-
|-
| Section || <nowiki><section></section></nowiki>
| Section || <source lang="html"><section></section></source>
|-
|-
| Container (it can contain text, images, sound)|| <nowiki><div></div></nowiki>
| Container (it can contain text, images, sound)|| <source lang="html"><div></div></source>
|-
|-
| Headline || <nowiki><h1></h1></nowiki> (h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
| Headline || <source lang="html"><h1></h1></source> (h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
|-
|-
| Paragraph || <nowiki><p></p></nowiki>
| Paragraph || <source lang="html"><p></p></source>
|-
|-
| Linebreak || <nowiki><br> or </br></nowiki>
| Linebreak || <source lang="html"><br> or </br></source>
|-
|-
| Word wrapper || <nowiki><span></span></nowiki>
| Word wrapper || <source lang="html"><span></span></source>
|-
|-
| Link || <nowiki><a href="[url here]">[link title here]</a></nowiki>
| Link || <source lang="html"><a href="[url here]">[link title here]</a></source>
|-
|-
| Image || <nowiki><img src="[file path here]" alt="[alternative text]"></nowiki>
| Image || <source lang="html"><img src="[file path here]" alt="[alternative text]"></source>
|-
|-
| Audio || <nowiki><audio src="[file path here]" controls></audio></nowiki>
| Audio || <source lang="html"><audio src="[file path here]" controls></audio></source>
|-
|-
| Video || <nowiki><video src="[file path here]" controls loop></video></nowiki>
| Video || <source lang="html"><video src="[file path here]" controls loop></video></source>
|-
|-
| Unordered List || <nowiki><ul></ul></nowiki>
| Unordered List || <source lang="html"><ul></ul></source>
|-
|-
| Ordered List || <nowiki><ol></ol></nowiki>
| Ordered List || <source lang="html"><ol></ol></source>
|-
|-
| List Item || <nowiki><li></li></nowiki>
| List Item || <source lang="html"><li></li></source>
|-
|-
| Button || <nowiki><button></button></nowiki>
| Button || <source lang="html"><button></button></source>
|-
|-
| Table || <nowiki><table></table></nowiki>
| Table || <source lang="html"><table></table></source>
|-
|-
| Table Row || <nowiki><tr></tr></nowiki>
| Table Row || <source lang="html"><tr></tr></source>
|-
|-
| Table Cell || <nowiki><td></td></nowiki>
| Table Cell || <source lang="html"><td></td></source>
|-
|-
| Column Header || <nowiki><th></th></nowiki>
| Column Header || <source lang="html"><th></th></source>
|-
|-
|}
|}
=== HTML Structure===
HTML has a nested structure:
[[File:Structure-HTML-edit.jpg|frameless|center|HTML has a nested structure]]
===HTML Head===
<source lang="html4strict">
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Title of this page</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
</source>
===Classes + ID's===
HTML Tags can Have Classes or ID's
a '''class''' can reappear on multiple elements in the HTML code. <br>
an '''ID''' is more specific and only names one element.
<source lang="html4strict">
<div class="box">
...
</div>
<div id="firstBox">
...
</div>
</source>
this can make it easier to target them in CSS:
<source lang="CSS">
.box {
background-color: green;
}
#firstBox {
background-color: blue;
}
</source>
in CSS '''classes''' are always written with a '''.''' before <br>
and ID's are always written with a '''#''' before
<br><br>
'''Note''' you can also always use the HTML tag itself as a target, like this:
<source lang="CSS">
div {
background-color: green;
}
</source>
but sometimes you want to address only specific <nowiki><div></nowiki>, this is when you use Classes and ID's
==CSS Properties==
○ requires numerical input (like: 10px, 50%) <br>
● requires textual input (like: pink, bold)
{| class="wikitable"
|+ CSS
|-
! Human Language !! CSS Property
|-
| Outer Margin || <source lang=CSS>margin: ; ○
margin-top: ;
margin-left: ;
margin-right: ;
margin-bottom: ;</source>
|-
| Inner Margin || <source lang=CSS>padding: ; ○
padding-top: ;
padding-left: ;
padding-right: ;
padding-bottom: ;</source>
|-
| Width || <source lang=CSS>width: ; ○</source>
|-
| Height || <source lang=CSS>height: ; ○</source>
|-
| Text Color || <source lang=CSS>color: ; ○ ●</source>
|-
| Background Color || <source lang=CSS>background-color: ; ○ ●</source>
|-
| Font Size || <source lang=CSS>font-size: ; ○ ●</source>
|-
| Embed Font || <source lang=CSS>@font-face {
font-family: '[name your font]' ; ●
src: url('[font file path]'); ●
}</source>
|-
| The Font you want to use on a specific element || <source lang=CSS>font-family:' '; ●</source>
|-
| Font Weight || <source lang=CSS>font-weight: ; ○ ●</source>
|-
| Font Style (Italic, normal) || <source lang=CSS>font-style: ; ●</source>
|-
| Text Underline, Overline, Linethrough || <source lang=CSS>text-decoration: ; ●</source>
|-
| Text Shadow || <source lang=CSS>text-shadow: ; ○</source>
|-
| Text Justification || <source lang=CSS>text-align: ; ●</source>
|-
| Border || <source lang=CSS>border: [border thickness] [border style] [border color]; ● ○</source>
|-
| Round Edges || <source lang=CSS>border-radius: ; ○</source>
|-
| Outline (not taking up element space) || <source lang=CSS>outline: [border thickness] [border style] [border color]; ● ○</source>
|-
| Filter || <source lang=CSS>filter: [filter name]([value %]); ● ○</source>
|-
| How layers blend || <source lang=CSS>mix-blend-mode: ; ●</source>
|-
| Opacity || <source lang=CSS>opacity: ; ○</source>
|-
| Transform (rotate, skew, scale, translate) || <source lang=CSS>transform: [transform property]([value + unit]); ● ○</source>
|-
|}
===Pseudo Classes in CSS===
; Hover describes whats happening when your cursor is moving over an element on the page
: <source lang=CSS>element:hover { [CSS properties here] }</source>
; A Link that has been clicked
: <source lang=CSS>element:active { [CSS properties here] }</source>
; Target an element only if it has [selector] inside
: <source lang=CSS>element:has([selector]) { [CSS properties here] }</source>
; Target an element only if it does not have [selector] inside
: <source lang=CSS>element:not([selector]) { [CSS properties here] }</source>
===CSS Position===
To layout elements on your webpage you can give them a '''position''' <br>
[https://hub.xpub.nl/cerealbox/~kim/cssposition/ web example]
<br>
'''static''' is the default value: Elements render in order, as they appear in the document flow <br>
'''absolute''' positions the element relative to its first positioned (not static) ancestor element <br>
'''fixed''' the element is positioned relative to the browser window <br>
'''relative''' The element is positioned relative to its normal position
==Wiki Ring==
Other Pages on this Wiki about HTML and CSS: <br>
[[HTML]] <br>
[[HTML + CSS]] <br>
[[User:Kiara/Code]] <br>
==Websites==
[https://hub.xpub.nl/cerealbox/~martina/index/ Martina's website <3]
[https://hub.xpub.nl/cerealbox/~chrissy/html_css%20gym/ Chrissy's website 🧃]
[https://hub.xpub.nl/cerealbox/~feline/HTML_Workshop/ Felines Website]
[https://hub.xpub.nl/cerealbox/~aksellr/Personal_Reader_Exp_1/personal_reader_exp1.html/ tessa's website]
[https://hub.xpub.nl/cerealbox/~eleni/html%20workshop/ Eleni's Website]

Latest revision as of 20:53, 8 November 2024

Intro

This is for the beginners
In the first session we want to look at this page: Protocols for Collective Performance: Radio Broadcast 2

chalkboard-code

HTML Tags

HTML
Human Language HTML Tag
Html document 
<htm></html>
Metadata (title, link to css and script etc) 
<head></head>
Content of the page 
<body></body>
Section 
<section></section>
Container (it can contain text, images, sound) 
<div></div>
Headline 
<h1></h1>
(h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
Paragraph 
<p></p>
Linebreak 
<br> or </br>
Word wrapper 
<span></span>
Link 
<a href="[url here]">[link title here]</a>
Image 
<img src="[file path here]" alt="[alternative text]">
Audio 
<audio src="[file path here]" controls></audio>
Video 
<video src="[file path here]" controls loop></video>
Unordered List 
<ul></ul>
Ordered List 
<ol></ol>
List Item 
<li></li>
Button 
<button></button>
Table 
<table></table>
Table Row 
<tr></tr>
Table Cell 
<td></td>
Column Header 
<th></th>

HTML Structure

HTML has a nested structure:

HTML has a nested structure

HTML Head

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <title>Title of this page</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 </body>
</html>

Classes + ID's

HTML Tags can Have Classes or ID's a class can reappear on multiple elements in the HTML code.
an ID is more specific and only names one element. 

<div class="box">
...
</div>
<div id="firstBox">
...
</div>

this can make it easier to target them in CSS: 

.box {
background-color: green;
}
#firstBox {
background-color: blue;
}

in CSS classes are always written with a . before
and ID's are always written with a # before

Note you can also always use the HTML tag itself as a target, like this: 

div {
background-color: green;
}

but sometimes you want to address only specific <div>, this is when you use Classes and ID's

CSS Properties

○ requires numerical input (like: 10px, 50%)
● requires textual input (like: pink, bold)

CSS
Human Language CSS Property
Outer Margin 
margin: ; ○ 
margin-top: ; 
margin-left: ; 
margin-right: ; 
margin-bottom: ;
Inner Margin 
padding: ; ○ 
padding-top: ; 
padding-left: ; 
padding-right: ; 
padding-bottom: ;
Width 
width: ; ○
Height 
height: ; ○
Text Color 
color: ; ○ ●
Background Color 
background-color: ; ○ ●
Font Size 
font-size: ; ○ ●
Embed Font 
@font-face {
font-family: '[name your font]' ; ●
src: url('[font file path]'); ●
}
The Font you want to use on a specific element 
font-family:' '; ●
Font Weight 
font-weight: ; ○ ●
Font Style (Italic, normal) 
font-style: ; ●
Text Underline, Overline, Linethrough 
text-decoration: ; ●
Text Shadow 
text-shadow: ; ○
Text Justification 
text-align: ; ●
Border 
border: [border thickness] [border style] [border color]; ● ○
Round Edges 
border-radius: ; ○
Outline (not taking up element space) 
outline: [border thickness] [border style] [border color]; ● ○
Filter 
filter: [filter name]([value %]); ● ○
How layers blend 
mix-blend-mode: ; ●
Opacity 
opacity: ; ○
Transform (rotate, skew, scale, translate) 
transform: [transform property]([value + unit]); ● ○

Pseudo Classes in CSS

Hover describes whats happening when your cursor is moving over an element on the page
element:hover { [CSS properties here] }
A Link that has been clicked
element:active { [CSS properties here] }
Target an element only if it has [selector] inside
element:has([selector]) { [CSS properties here] }
Target an element only if it does not have [selector] inside
element:not([selector]) { [CSS properties here] }

CSS Position

To layout elements on your webpage you can give them a position
web example
static is the default value: Elements render in order, as they appear in the document flow
absolute positions the element relative to its first positioned (not static) ancestor element
fixed the element is positioned relative to the browser window
relative The element is positioned relative to its normal position

Wiki Ring

Other Pages on this Wiki about HTML and CSS:
HTML
HTML + CSS
User:Kiara/Code

Websites

Martina's website <3

Chrissy's website 🧃

Felines Website

tessa's website

Eleni's Website

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