Themsen/SDR/Synopsises/Mushroom

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==Cultivation requirements and substrate degradation of the edible mushroom Gymnopilus pampeanus - A novel species for mushroom cultivation

Maria Belén Colavolpe, Edgardo Albertó==

1. Gymnopilus is a white rot fungi, wood-eater, which thrives when grown in poplar or eucalyptus wood-chips. It has a pleasant look and is nourishing.

2. Growth of mycellium culture was conducted in potato dextrose agar solution (for routine, storage) in a 750 ml glass jar filled with boiled oat grain (first sterilized 2h at 120 degrees Celsius) and 1% w/w CaCO3 (CalciumCarbon+ 3xOxygen). 9h light / 15h dark.

Biological Efficiency % is Mushroom Wet Weight / Substrate Dry Weight gram x 10

3. Optimal growth at 25 degrees Celcius, slower at 20 or 30 degrees. Photoperiod (light) not necessary to achieve primordial growth. Primordia that remained in darkness showed deformation and abnormal development. Photoperiod necessary for fruit body production.

4. Treatment "PS + 751/12" - smaller but more regular shape and larger basidioma weight (26,11 g +/- 4.87a), might mean alot of more fruitbodies or less fruitbodis and more mycellium. Consider location of spores, they may have been adapted to a certain climate. The Gymnopilus described is from "region Pampeana" ( http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_pampeana )

"It seems likely that all mushrooms, which require light, use a common regulatory pathway for basidioma development (Kurtzman and Martinez-Carrera, 2013)".

5. "BE (Biological Efficiency%) were signiﬁcantly higher when grown in PS (Poplus sawdust), indicating the fungus can absorb the nutrients better and produce higher biomass. In this work we observed that strain selection is relevant to manage high yields since only one of the three strains assayed produced signiﬁcantly higher BE."

Gymnopilus causes whitish decay in live red gum tree, or can be seen as a brown-rot fungus (so, either white or brown rot)

Gymnopilus mainly decays, it appears, cellulose (organic compound in plant cell's primary cell wall: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose) but can also decay lignin (organic compound in plant cell's second cell-wall: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin)

Poplar sawdust is the easiest to grow Gymnopilus Pampeanus in

"[...] results showed that when G. pampeanus grows on Poplus it prefers to degrade holocellulose (holocellulose:55% and decrease), meanwhile when it grows on Eucalyptus, it prefers to degrade lignin (lignin:48.3% and holocellulose: 13.98% decrease)."

"The variability in the degradation capacity of lignocellulosic components in the substrates is inﬂuenced not only by the substrate’s nature, but also by environmental factors and, most importantly, by genetic factors among species or even among strains of the same species (Omarini et al., 2009)."

"Based on the results of degradation obtained in this work, we support the idea of considering G. pampeanus as white rot fungi." (Sede and Lopez, 1999)

"[...]; highest yield was obtained with strain ICFC 748/12 on PS with BE of 70, 88%, which is similar to values obtained for other naturally occurring mushroom on un-supplemented sawdust."

http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/2/1/3 Process and dynamics of traditional selling wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico

Felipe Ruán-Soto*, Roberto Garibay-Orijel and Joaquín Cifuentes

"In this paper, we report the results of an ethnomycological research in markets of a wide area of the Mexican tropics. Our aims were to describe the dynamics related to the traditional selling process of wild mushrooms and to determine the tendencies of informants toward mushrooms (mycophily vs. mycophoby). "

"The most important conclusions we reached in that paper were: i) Mestizos from urban settlements do not normally consume wild mushrooms, mestizos from rural areas consume few wild mushrooms, and indigenous people have a wide TMK [traditional mushroom knowledge] and they use and exploit this natural resource the most.

ii) Mushroom species with a corky or rubbery consistency, particularly S. commune, have high cultural and economic importance.

iii) People in the area believe that all terricolous-humicolous mushrooms are toxic.

iv) Mushroom gathering takes place in corn fields, secondary vegetation and cattle fields and not in areas where conserved vegetation is present."