TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
A foundational "layer" of the Internet -- this is the basic means of sending data between computers that protocols build upon (HTTP for the "web", or SMTP and POP and IMAP for email, for instance)
http://www.yale.edu/pclt/COMM/TCPIP.HTM
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite
- IP, TCP, HTTP Nice overview of this "stack" of protocols central to modern networked data traffic