Volume 02 R,W & RM
Ass_1. 2_CULTURAL HEGEMONY
Brief synopsis on Ruling Class and Ruling Ideas by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (still draft) In “The Ruling Class and the Ruling Ideas Marx and Engels argue that what makes one class ruling class is the ruling ideas of its dominance. The ruling class controls the material production throughout mental production. The ruling class is empowering of being the producer, regulator and distributor of ruling ideas. Whenever the ruling ideas reveal to or benefits the general society’s interests then they became form of ideal – or the valid to the masses. Therefore every new class achieves domination not only by building over the top of each other (expended foundations) but surpassing common illusions of the previous. Marx and Engels introduced three predominant ways for creating an illusion that philosophy and ideology exist separately from politics. First, the ideas are separated from those who rule into empirical or material condition of how they appear. Secondly the ideas are given “mystical connection ” regarding them as “self – determined” and then they are personified into particular persona -"the thinker".
Synopsis on Subaltern Classes by Gramsky
(i) History of Subaltern Classes
According to Gramsci the ruling class is unit between political society (The State) and the civil society( the subaltern classes).
"The subaltern classes are not unified and cannot unite until they are able to become a State”.
Gramski speculates how the dominant class is formed. In order to a social group to become the dominant the group has to demonstrate “domination” and “intellectual and moral leadership”. Or the main principal for winning the power is continuous exercise “leadership” followed by dominating prosecution of the gained power.
(ii)The concept of ideology
Gramski inspects the ideology as an aspect of its “sensationalism origin” known as “science of ideas“ or “analysis of ideas” (“investigation of the origin of ideas"). Gramski opposes Marxism theory usage of the term ideology as “negative value judgment" or link only to the superstructure without concerning the philosophy and historical prepositions. This leads to misinterpret of the “ideology” by itself. Gramski argue that there are sufficient distinguish between the functions of the ideologies – psychological- the ones who serve to orginize masses and arbitrary who create individual movements. He also apply a symbiosis connection between the form in the face of the material force and the content or the ideology . In this interconnection the content is precondition to trigger or upraise the form.
(iii) Cultural Themes: Ideological Material
Gramsci emphasizes how the dynamic role of the press and different public structures( as libraries, schools, various associations etc.), whoever potentially imply great influence to the public opinion, maintain the ideological “front”. (or the most efficient way of spreading the ideology). The one who is aware of the “fortifications”of the dominant class has the “resources” to defend himself/herself.
Make notes on how Gramsci developed Marx’s idea
- according to Marxism structure produce ideologies. And therefore ideology could not effect the superstructure on the contrary Gramski shares the belief that the ideology is the one that change the superstructure.
Posit your own definition for cultural hegemony
Cultural Hegemony
Cultural hegemony reflects upon power, propaganda and brainwashing. Or the inevitable dominance of certain “structures” representing or manipulating certain ideologies/ philosophies into ideas which serve to them. The cultural hegemony works on unconscious, invisible level through constant media brainwashing where these ideas are passively accepted or taken for granted.
--->comments & feedback: to expand it and provide arguments to give example.