User:Tancre/Prototyping/AI

AI - Artificial Intelligence

• automaton(animatronics/mechatronics/robotics/robot/android)
• computer science
• logic (formal reasoning)
• cryptography (secure communication)

Sections

ELIZA

Brief Historical Context

Ancient Greece

• Mythology Hephaestus /Pygmalion / Dedalus (Talos/Pandora/Galatea) // relation between Hephaestus and Dedalus + sphinx as a talking statue
• Aristotel - 'Organon' syllogistic logic, first attempt to rappresent logic operators in linguistic symbols + Antikythera mechanism, oldest analogue computer

13th century

• Talking heads
• Raimond Llull

15th century

• Gutenberg - Invention of printing (1456 Gutenberg Bible)
• Clocks

19th century

1847 De Morgan - De Morgan's law, formalization of propositional logic
1854 Boole - 'The Laws of Thought', Boolean logic (Boolean algebra, Binary logic)
Pierce
Peano
1884 Frege - 'Foundation of Arithmetic'

20th century

1913 Russell, Whitehead - 'Principia Mathematica'
1920 Hilbert - Hilbert's program
1921 Wittgenstein - 'Tractatus-logico philosophicus'
1928 Hilbert - Entscheidungsproblem
1931 Göedel - incompletness theorem, impossibility to prove the Hilbert's program and to clarify the foundation of mathematics
1936 Church, Turing - Church-Turing thesis, impossibility to solve the Entscheidungsproblem
1936 Turing - 'On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem', Turing machine (TM) + Universal Turing Machine (UTM), first theorization of the stored-program computer
1937 Shannon - 'A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits', complete electronic logic gate through the switching circuit theory
1948 Shannon - 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', Information theory
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
1950 Turing - 'Computing machinery and intelligence', Turing test
1966 Weizenbaum - ELIZA, first chatbot in natural language processing (NLP) systems

Books & Articles

Turing - The essential Turing
Asimov - Robot series (three laws of robotics + zeroth law)
Weizenbaum - ELIZA, a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine