Pen plotters: Difference between revisions

From XPUB & Lens-Based wiki
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A broken part (the so called "Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism") was 3d printed for [[Printing/xml-plotter-1]], a flipping part that let's the pen carousel rotate: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4696713 + https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5_YltaYZsg
A broken part (the so called "Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism") was 3d printed for [[Printing/xml-plotter-1]], a flipping part that let's the pen carousel rotate: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4696713 + https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5_YltaYZsg


 
[[File:This pen plotter is (not) made to die.jpg|thumb|left|400px|this pen plotter is (not) made to die]]
<gallery>
[[File:The 3d printer Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism.jpg|thumb|left|400px|the 3d printer Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism]]
File:This pen plotter is (not) made to die.jpg|400px|this pen plotter is (not) made to die
[[File:Plotter adapter.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Plotter adapter]]
File:The 3d printer Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism.jpg|400px|the 3d printer Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism
File:Plotter adapter.jpg|400px|Plotter adapter
</gallery>


==Monday 13 + Tuesday 14 November==
==Monday 13 + Tuesday 14 November==

Revision as of 16:22, 12 February 2024

Pen plotting at XPUB

Here you find a list of pen plotters that are around at XPUB, a list of software that can be used to send files to the plotters, links + readings + references to plotter practices, a logbook of plotter repair sessions that took place in October and November 2023, various prototypes + projects + writing by XPUB students and a funny set of pen plot memes.

Plotters at XPUB

HP DraftPro EXL

HP DraftPro DXL/EXL user manual (10.4MB PDF)
HP DraftPro DXL, promotion photo (1988), found in the HP Museum: http://www.hpmuseum.net/display_item.php?hw=393

A0+ pen plotter.

Currently borrowed from Varia, who borrows it from Gijs (OSP).

http://hpmuseum.net/display_item.php?hw=393

  • state: works
  • attitude: this plotter needs to have paper loaded before you start chiplotle; the center point lies at the right bottom of the paper, it works with negative numbers;
  • demo plot: press P1 + P2 simultaneously (the buttons with a small 1 and 2)
  • user manual: http://www.hpmuseum.net/document.php?hwfile=3232 + http://www.hpmuseum.net/collection_document.php (list of HP museum user manuals, in case the download link above does not work)
  • language: HPGL (HP graphics language)

HP 7550A

in the 1980ies XPUB people doing experimental publications with the HP 7550A in the XPUB studio

A4 pen plotter

Old plotter from publication station. Need a new fuse and is working again.

HP 7475A

A4/A3 plotter

https://www.hpmuseum.net/display_item.php?hw=74

There are two of these at XPUB:

xml-plotter-1

xml-plotter-5

HP ColorPro

A4 plotter

http://hpmuseum.net/display_item.php?hw=80

  • state: unknown

HP 7440A

A4 plotter

Hp 7440A advertisement image

This plotter works with 230v, but it needs a special power supply (0v - 10v - 20v) - info in the hp museum

TAXAN X-Y KPL710

User guide for the TAXAN X-Y KPL710 plotter, (PDF)

A3 plotter

The plotter was given to Joak by Thomas Walskaar, we're not sure who gave it to him.

Dip switch settings: 

1   2   3   4  5   6  7  8 
OFF OFF OFF ON OFF ON ON ON

BBC Metrawatt SE-283

HP 7550A

A4/A3/A2 plotter, with a paper feeder!

  • state: Currently not working, the carousel is missing

Roland DXY-980

A3 pen plotter

Dxy980.jpg

How to pen plot?

HPGL

Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language (HPGL) is a common plotter language that most plotters speak.

You can turn any vector file into a .hpgl file with Inkscape, which is a free software vector editing tool.

More references and links related to HPGL: 

IN;IP0,0,4000,4000;SC0,100,0,100;
SP1;
PA0,0;
PD;
PA100,0;
PA100,100;
PA0,100;
PA0,0;
PU;

CLI

Most plotters connect to this socket on a Linux machine: 

/dev/ttyUSB0

Add your user to the dialout group first: 

$ useradd USERNAME dialout

Then configure how your computer and the plotter communicate, these settings should work with most plotters: 

$ stty 9600 parodd parenb ixon ixoff -F /dev/ttyUSB0

Then send a file with cat: 

$ cat myfile.hpgl > /dev/ttyUSB0

Chiplotle

Chiplotle is an HPGL plotter driver that implements and extends the HPGL (Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language) plotter control language. It provides direct control of your HPGL-aware hardware via a standard usb<->serial port interface. Chiplotle is also a general purpose vector drawing library with functions for creating and transforming shapes, which can then be sent directly to your HPGL plotter for printing.

Chiplotle is written and maintained by Víctor Adán and Douglas Repetto.


Use

Connect to plotter to computer with usb.

Start the plotter.

Wait! until the plotter is fully running.

Activate the venv you made.

In Linux: 

$ source FOLDERNAME/bin/activate

In Windows (using Powershell): 

$ FOLDERNAME\Scripts\Activate.ps1

Now you can start chiplotle: 

$ chiplotle3

It should automatically detect the plotter...

If it doesn't, you can try to turn the plotter on and off, or load paper.

Once the plotter is detected, you can send a HPGL file to plotter: 

plotter.write_file('FILENAME.hpgl')

When you're done, close chiplotle with: 

exit()

Install

Install pip, venv

First install pip and the virtual environment python module, if you don't have them yet.

On Linux: 

$ sudo apt install python3-pip
$ sudo apt install python3-venv

On Mac and Windows:

follow the instructions at https://www.python.org/.

Make a virtual environment

On Linux and Mac: 

$ python3 -m venv FOLDERNAME

For example: 

$ python3 -m venv plotter-venv

On Windows: 

py -m venv FOLDERNAME

For example: 

$ py -m venv plotter-venv

Activate the virtual environment

On Linux and Mac: 

$ source FOLDERNAME/bin/activate

On Windows (using Powershell): 

FOLDERNAME\Scripts\Activate.ps1

You can exit again by writing deactivate.

Install Chiplotle

Install Chiplotle inside this virtual environment (the Python library to speak HPGL to the plotter): 

$ pip install Chiplotle3

Run Chiplotle

See #Use.

Errors

Windows: Script Execution Policy

See: https://www.makeuseof.com/enable-script-execution-policy-windows-powershell/

Mac: ImportError: module not found "imp"

?

Windows: "port" not found (?)

File "C:\Users\aless\OneDrive\Desktop\PENPLOTTER_venv\lib\site-packages\serial\serialutil.py", line 268, in port
   raise ValueError('"port" must be None or a string, not {}'.format(type(port)))
ValueError: "port" must be None or a string, not <class 'int'>

Alessia and Manetta spend an hour on this error on Nov 13th 2023, but did not figure it out. There is little documentation on using Chiplotle on Windows unfortunately. A next step could be do open serialutil.py to see if the error can be resolved directly there.

It's the next day now, we looked into this again and solved it!

First, edit your Chiplotle config file, which is stored in your home folder, which you can edit on Linux/Mac with: 

$ nano ~/.chiplotle/config.py

or on Windows: 

> notepad C:\Users\USERNAME\.chiplotle\config.py

Change this line: 

serial_port_to_plotter_map = None

into: 

serial_port_to_plotter_map = {'COM4' : 'HP7475A'}

or use another plotter model number.

Secondly, you need to also edit a Python script within the Chiplotle library, which you can open on Linux/Mac with: 

$ nano PATH-TO-YOUR-VENV/chiplotle3/src/chiplotle3/plotters/baseplotter.py

or on Windows: 

> notepad PATH-TO-YOUR-VENV\chiplotle3\src\chiplotle3\plotters\baseplotter.py

Then edit the following on line 196: 

@property
def _buffer_space(self):
    self._serial_port.flushInput()
    self._serial_port.write(self._hpgl.B().format.encode())
    bs = self._read_port()
    return int(bs)

and just change the last line: 

@property
def _buffer_space(self):
    self._serial_port.flushInput()
    self._serial_port.write(self._hpgl.B().format.encode())
    bs = self._read_port()
    return int(128)

Now Chiplotle should work.

Raspberry Pi

Numpy error: 

libopenblas.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Install the missing library: 

$ sudo apt install libopenblas-dev

Inkscape

The plot function is under: export > plot

Error: pySerial is not installed.

Please follow these steps:

  1. Download and extract (unzip) this file to your local harddisk: https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pyserial/pyserial-2.7.tar.gz
  2. Copy the "serial" folder (Can be found inside the just extracted folder) into the following Inkscape folder: /usr/????????
  3. Close and restart Inkscape

Make a vector file in Inkscape.

Save it as a HPGL file. See the image on the right for the settings.

For example: A3 landscape

Tip (!): landscape file = portrait plot. Make a landscape document, it plots in portrait orientation on the plotter (weird, but works)

Example settings of a A3 landscape .hpgl file. However, the resolution is something you need to figure out for each plotter. Also, each plotter places the center point differently, sometimes really in the middle, sometimes at the bottom right corner. So it depends if you should enable this here or not... To be figured out :).

PloViewMini

PloViewMini is a tool to visualise HPGL code digitally. It's a demo version of the not-so-mini, regularly sized PloView -- which requires a license that seems to be supported no longer (?), but would allow you for more than just plowViewing, also ploDrawing and maybe even ploMore. One can download the installer from the Isoplotec site.

This should have been a neat example screenshot to display the power of PloViewMini :(
Screenshot of PloViewMini (left) displaying HPGL instructions (right)

Installation Guide

Download the zip file from the isoplotec website.

Alien Wizard
Japanese Wizard

When running the file (on Windows), one may be prompted with a shady installation wizard. It appears it doesn't translate to Unicode characters properly, probably because the software dates back to the 80s. Forcing your OS to interpret non-Unicode characters as Japanese will reveal the true meaning.

Control Panel > Region and Language > Administrative > Language for non-Unicode programs > Change System Locale > Japanese.

  1. Select 同意する (agree)
  2. Click 次へ (next)
  3. For ユーザー名 (username), fill in a username (it should give a default option, which should be fine to use)
  4. For 組織 (organisation), fill in an organistion name (leaving it blank should be fine)
  5. Click 次へ (next)
  6. Click インストル (install)

Note that, at any point, you can click キャンセル (cancel) to cancel or 戻る (go back) to go back.

(This installation guide has been verified for Windows 10. Please append to it if your OS requires a different method.)

Pens

HP Fiber Tip Plotter Pens S Style Pens:

3d printable adapters for pens:

References

One of the turtles made at MIT in the 1980s, apparently this one is called the Terrapin Turtle source
Vera Molnar, Interruptions (1968/69), open series, plotter drawing, 28.5 x 28.5 cm, source
Pensnake in action at Zinecamp 2022
Up pen down, research, fonts and workshops by OSP (since 2012)
Botopera at Constant V, by Gijs de Heij, An Mertens, Anne Laforette, Antonio Roberts, Michael Murtaugh, more documentation (2015)
Hershey Text stroke font Inkscape extension
Tim Lewis "Auto-Dali Prosthetic" (2000)
Jean Tinguely Patent Appareil à dessiner et à peindre [Device to draw and paint]

I asked on the PPP chats if anyone knew any specific contexts/places where pen plotter enthusiasts meet, and the following links were send in return. Also, interestingly enough two people jokingly warned me for a recent attention shift they observed from pen plotting to nfts and AI, placing pen plotting into the field of generative art. – Manetta (talk) 13:20, 21 November 2023 (CET)

Tools/tutorials/techniques

this pen plotter is (not) made to die

Printing repair sessions wiki page, initiated by Joak in 2023

Monday 30 + Tuesday 31 Oct 2023

Joak: On Monday (30/10/2023) and Tuesday (31/10/2023) I will be helping to repair the pen plotters between 5:15pm and 7:30pm. You have probably seen all the different (broken) pen plotters in the XML or Studio, these come from WDKA and other places. Most of them need probably just a small fix, some have a complex problem. These two evenings are just a start. I think by the end of this term 3/4 of the pen plotters should be working again.

If you are interested, just pass by. No previous knowledge of electronics, programming or pen plotters are required. These repair evenings are intended as an introduction to these topics. Everyone is welcome. Modus operandi: You will get an pen plotter on your table and step by step you will repair it over the next weeks or you will even modify it and do some imaginary (but still real) drawing tool/device.

Location: aquarium or studio

The plan is to do in the second trimester the same with (electronic) typewriters and in the third trimester with dot-matrix-printer!

The DB9 to DB25 adapters were soldered. You can get the PCB files here: https://git.xpub.nl/XPUB/adapter

Plotters were opened, cleaned and inspected.

A broken part (the so called "Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism") was 3d printed for Printing/xml-plotter-1, a flipping part that let's the pen carousel rotate: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:4696713 + https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G5_YltaYZsg

this pen plotter is (not) made to die
the 3d printer Geneva Drive Wheel mechanism
Plotter adapter

Monday 13 + Tuesday 14 November

Victor and Joak looked into the alignment issue of HP 7475A, maybe its really a mechanical issue. It was solved?

Alessia, Thijs, Joak and Manetta worked on the TAXAN_X-Y_KPL710, see the repair log here: Printing/xml-plotter-3.

Monday 27 November

Plotter (pre-)party!!! 🎉

  • Pen plot party at the studio

  • Pen plot experiments by Victor & Thijs, using the processing script to make halftone rasters in CMYK

Monday 6 February

Ppposter.jpg

exciting news everyone: To kick of the new plotting-year there will be a Pen-Plotter Party on Monday feb 12. Save the date, and get ready for the launch of the Plotting table, Plotting zine alongside various plotting-activities. Do you want to contribute to this event? either contact @Thijs or @Victor on Zulip and join the pen-plotting-commitee!! 🖋

https://hub.xpub.nl/chopchop/PEN-PLOTTING-PARTY/

Prototypes, tryouts, projects, gallery

drawing horses and shoebils

(@Victor, insert your zine here?)

Plotting volume levels

Plotting the volume levels during zinecamp


For a dedicated page on this topic, see User:Thijshijsijsjss/Pen_Plotting_Panache/Volume_Plotting

At Machinecamp, an event accompanying zinecamp, Victor and Thijs gave mini penplotter workshops to visitors. During the event, they wrote some javascript code to capture ~2 minutes of audio and translate the volume levels to HPGL. This was then sent to a plotter.

It is available with a web interface as part of the SI23 quilt.

The code can also be found at the dedicated wiki page.

Crosshatching experiments

For dedicated pages on this topic, see Plothatching and User:Thijshijsijsjss/Pen_Plotting_Panache/Plothatching_Workflow

Inspired by https://hackaday.io/project/20585-upgrade-for-your-diy-plotters, Victor and Thijs wanted to do some crosshatched plots. They wrote a processing script to convert images to crosshatched versions. By doing this for an image's different CMYK color channels separately, it is possible to create intricate multicolor plots.

Plot of the Fishmans LONG SEASON album cover
Plot of 2001: A Space Odyssey's movie poster
Plot of Miles Davis's Bitches Brew album cover

Twitch Plays Plotter

For a dedicated page on this topic, see User:Thijshijsijsjss/Pen_Plotting_Panache/twitchplaysplotter

twitchplaysplotter is a project inspired by TwitchPlaysPokemon in which a pen plotter can be controlled through the chat of a Twitch livestream. This project, worked on by Rosa, Victor and Thijs, was initiated both to experiment with the collaborative and performative nature of plotters, and to facililate participation of pen plotter enthusiasts who were not able to make it to the 2024-02-12 pen plotting party physically.

  • A Git repository containing the project can be found here
  • The twitch channel can be found here

Universal pen holders

For a dedicated page on this topic, see Pen_plotters/Pen_Hacking

There are 'real' pens, meant for pen plotting. These tend to work nicely, are very friendly to use, and often provide nice results. However, they are limited in color selection and pen texture. Therefore, one might consider using their own pens. These pens need to be loaded in a holder. One can modify a 'real pen' for this purpose, or alternatively 3D print a holder.

An example of pen hacking:

A broken pen (right)
Take a toothpick
Push the toothpick
Push harder with the toothpic
Keep pushing
You might need help from a knife

Not all pens allow for their intestants to me removed so easily, in which case a knife is required.

You can also 3D print custom holders. This is a reliable way of obtaining a large number of holders, which has the benefit of being able to have one holder per pen, so that you don't have to align them each time you switch pens.

  • This is a GitHub repo with many stl files. The one I have tried did not work for me, however (too slim for the pen specified, or not aligned properly).
  • We have modelled new ones (specifically for stabillo 68 / 88 pens), the stl files for which can be found here on Gitea.

Vertical alignment tools

vertical alignment rig in action
Vertical alignment rig with 'real' pen (left) and custom pen holder (right)


When using a custom pen, it is crucial to align it properly heigh wise. This can be done by hand, by comparing a pen in a custom holder side by side with a 'real' pen. To make this process more reliable and less tedious, we have also modelled a rig for veritcal alignment. These files can be found here on Gitea

Pen plot mazes

Plot-3-maze.jpg

For the first pen plotter party, Alessia and Thijs prepared a pen plotted maze, intended to be solved by manually plotting.

Mouse tracing plots

A rapid prototype by User:Ssstephen

rodent trace ornamentation

a few weeks ago i made a script that saves my mouse actions to a text file. and by made I mean i pressed, among other buttons, ctrl+c and ctrl+v. 

from pynput.mouse import Listener
import logging

logging.basicConfig(filename="mouse_log.txt", level=logging.DEBUG, format='%(asctime)s: %(message)s')

def on_move(x, y):
    logging.info("Mouse moved to ({0}, {1})".format(x, y))

def on_click(x, y, button, pressed):
    if pressed:
        logging.info('Mouse clicked at ({0}, {1}) with {2}'.format(x, y, button))

def on_scroll(x, y, dx, dy):
    logging.info('Mouse scrolled at ({0}, {1})({2}, {3})'.format(x, y, dx, dy))

with Listener(on_move=on_move, on_click=on_click, on_scroll=on_scroll) as listener:
    listener.join()

today I want to send that data to the plotter instead in a language it understands. i want to do this as a way of ornamenting and documenting the work that happens through the mouse or trackpad. pen plotters are often used for presentations: it is about finding what is between the past and the future. i want to try not to focus on the cartesian coordinates in the data but they might be useful. the data looks kind of like this: 

2023-10-25 12:17:36,329: Mouse moved to (1816, 799)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,337: Mouse moved to (1814, 799)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,345: Mouse moved to (1812, 799)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,353: Mouse moved to (1809, 800)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,361: Mouse moved to (1807, 801)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,369: Mouse moved to (1805, 801)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,376: Mouse moved to (1803, 801)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,385: Mouse moved to (1800, 801)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,393: Mouse moved to (1799, 801)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,401: Mouse moved to (1798, 801)
2023-10-25 12:17:36,553: Mouse clicked at (1798, 801) with Button.left
2023-10-25 12:17:36,729: Mouse clicked at (1798, 801) with Button.left
2023-10-25 12:17:37,440: Mouse moved to (1798, 801)
2023-10-25 12:17:37,953: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:37,969: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:37,977: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:37,993: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:38,009: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:38,033: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:38,040: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:38,057: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)
2023-10-25 12:17:38,065: Mouse scrolled at (1798, 801)(0, -1)

Setlosttotrue.png
set lost to true

the data being collected in the script that i can see:

  • something happened (listener)
  • it happened now (asctime)
  • by something, it was either a click, move or scroll
  • it happened somewhere xy (this is presented as if it's two pieces of information, weird)
  • if it was a click, it involved a particular button (strange my trackpad does not have buttons)
  • if it was a scroll it moved to another relative position dxdy#

how to track and dance with the work done by the rodent? how long has it been since you last did something? the longer its been, the further you move. the direction isnt important yet.

Its working. the longer I take to move the mouse, the longer the line becomes. the script is like this: 

# It sends your mouse data to the pen plotter to see 
# what you're up to over there.

from chiplotle3 import *
import math
import random
import time

from pynput.mouse import Listener
import logging

# initialise chiplotle
plotter = instantiate_plotters( )[0]

t0 = 0
t1 = 0
dt = 0
x = 0
y = 0
notplotting = 1
eventwaiting = 0
button = "0"
coords = []

plotter.select_pen(1)
plotter.write(hpgl.PU([(0,0)]))

print("init done")

def on_move(x, y, button="Left", pressed="1"):
    #logging.info("Mouse moved to ({0}, {1})".format(x, y))
    global t0
    global t1
    global dt
    global notplotting
    t0 = t1
    t1 = time.time()
    dt = (t1-t0)*1000
    print("new move length is " +str(dt))
    if dt > 3000:
	    plotnow(dt)

def plotnow(dt):
	print("plottin now")
	dx = int(dt/100)
	plotter.write(hpgl.PU([(0,0)]))
	plotter.write(hpgl.PD([(-dt,7000)]))
	time.sleep(0.1)

with Listener(on_move=on_move, on_click=on_move, on_scroll=on_move) as listener:
    listener.join()

Scan MFP-528 3116 001 Page 1.jpg
plotting and doubting irrationally

so in summary the script gives bigger gestures the less work is done by the rodent (the longer the times between gestures on the trackpad). It is a celebratory performance of laziness. It encourages working less. It measures the opposite of time and translates it to vectors. There is an inverse relationship between busy-ness/business and the intensity of the performed gestures.

to do: should the hpgl commands be relative instead of absolute? it would be more lost then which would be nice. Its something to do with gregory bateson and christopher small and taylorism and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. Joseph says talk to steve rushton about it. is the language getting too abstract or is that the point?

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie/article/phenomenology-of-gesture-between-heidegger-and-flusser/7730314A14E992C2C6F913D661107989

https://zetabooks.com/wp-content/uploads/introSP22.pdf

What even is a pen plotter???


by Alessia
Personal essay evolved after a sudden presentation about pen plotting to some unsuspecting friends (> their random comments here included), inspired by zulip messages and insomnia

✦ . 　⁺ 　 . ✦ . 　⁺ 　 . ✦

What even is a pen plotter?

> Can I say that it sounds funny as a name? plotter
> Oh wait I saw them on tiktok there are plenty of videos of these m a c h i n e r i e s
> Yes, kinda trending


They are iconic devices, magical pioneers of digital graphic reproduction, machines that left an indelible mark in the history of visual art + computer graphics and in each of our hearts. Even if sadly pen plotters were replaced by large format inkjet printers, we are now experiencing a new renaissance for them, even outside the xpub bubble. With such nostalgic appeal they attract even more. Artists from all over the world acclaim them again as their new favourite tools, to be safeguarded, cherished, resurrected.

Modern digital plotters, which are still in use today, evolved from analog XY writer plotters that operated along two axes of motion. They were the most efficient way to draw vector graphics, rather than raster images, making them ideal for tasks like drafting blueprints, graphing data, and producing large-format maps.

> I don’t understand, weren't you doing things with the radio?
> pen plotters look even scarier than computers I swear


Now some historical facts! 🖼

One of the earliest plotters was Konrad Zuse's Graphomat Z64 in 1958, a punch card controlled plotter, driven by two gears. Frieder Nake, THE Algorist (along with Vera Molnar, Georg Nees, A. Michael Noll, and Manfred Mohr) used this machine, for which he developed a software for his experimentations. One of the first mechanical and commercial plotters was the CalComp 565, from 1966, a drum plotter that worked by placing the paper over a roller that moved the paper back and forth along the X axis and the pen moved back and forth along the Y axis.

> luckily you are showing images I wouldn’t understand a thing without them
> damn diabolic m a c h i n e r i e s


The progress of plotter technology was a key part for the development of CAD (Computer Aided-Design, software used by designers and engineers to create detailed digital drawings and models of objects or structures). The Computervision's Interact I plotter, was designed to be a combination of a digitiser and a plotter, serving as an interactive terminal. Users could copy a sketch, see it on a screen, edit it, and then print out the changes.
The great change for pen plotters arrived with the crafting of the flatbed plotter. As the name suggests, the surface to be drawn on was laid out flat, different from before, as paper was rolled up on a drum. HP was the big guy for commercial plotters. HP's first plotter was the 9125A flatbed plotter, introduced in 1968. Again HP, the HP 7470, born in the 80s, introduced the grit wheel mechanism: rollers pressing at opposite edges of the sheet to control movement. The pen is mounted on a carriage that moves back and forth in a line between the grit wheels. Plotters were also used in Create-A-Card kiosks, to make little postcards, that were available for a while in supermarkets. They used the HP 7475A six-pen plotter.

The most used modern pen plotters at the moment are the one from AXidraw by Evil Mad Scientist Labs, their firmware is open source: https://github.com/evil-mad/axidraw.

> I’ll still use my hp printer
> I don’t understand how this is connected to the radio



I am done, done, let's speak about art c’mooonn.
Firstly, pen plotter art: is it really art?
There isn’t much about plotter art in general, in books or on the internet. Grouping people together is always a way to ghettoise them, what does it even mean to be a pen plotter artist? Is there any kind of typical philosophy that is embedded to practising art through this kind of machine in particular? Each artist brings their unique perspective and creative approach to the intersection of art and technology. Art romantically is creativity, but in the real world art is money. We saw this in the fascinating rise of NTF that stained pen plotter art as well :)  

> NFTs are still a thing?


I got to discover (from an Interview with Frieder Nake by ‍Mark Amerika) that THE algorists, even if they were programmers, still had people writing codes for them. This made me smile, remembering all those great personalities, those artists whose names are printed into history books, whose real artistic production is reduced to the bone, maybe even less. Who knows how many works of art have been created with the creator, to whom these works are attributed, moving their brilliant hand just to sign them, while studio cadets sweated over fresh canvases? Or in this case: over keyboards.

> uuh we are getting into the social critique part now. spicy.
> like my internship you mean. I feel this.
> Idk, maybe they were paid this time, not enslaved like renaissance boys


I had prepared a very long list of names, all contemporary artists, as I wanted to find mainly artists that are still involved in the art scene, who have jumped from the bank of computer science to the bank of visual art, falling into exhibitions, museums, glossy newspapers superficial interviews. I don’t really want to show it anymore (hahaha no it's here actually list pen plotter artists ). It is a very different world from our studio and perhaps from those who see pen plotters in a more sincere, curious, way of rediscovering forgotten tools. I also wonder how much my own gaze is directed at the art industry more than at the creative act itself, there would be too much to say. I will not tell you about this whole list, just some hints.

> but can the plotter do other stuff other than plotting?
> maybe make food? Sing a song?
> what’s the point of making something do what it is expected to do?


Generative art! Talking about pen plotter art without mentioning computer and generative art is impossible. Pen plotters undeniably played an important role in the evolution of both of these art movements, as they were among the earliest digital tools available to mathematicians, scientists, and programmers to push that immaterial boundary between art and science.

Mafred Mohr, Vera Molnar Frieder Nake, George Ness, Herbert W. Franke, are all great science-computer-artists that experimented with generative art and visualised their ideas through pen plotting. It’s interesting to see how pen plotting built a bridge between new digital computer technologies and traditional printmaking techniques. I am speaking about dirty hands, acids, and staining inks that were at some point being linked to the cold grey plastic reality of computer hardwares. A whole new world.

Pen plotters, as computers, weren’t really naturalised, common to have around, Mohr had to use the ones from the Paris Institut Météorologique. I imagine what the guys there would have thought about this person using their machinery, for art??? Other remarkable pioneers of pen plotter art still included under the generative art umbrella are: Harold Cohen, Mark Wilson, Peter Beyls, Roman Verostko, Jean-Pierre Hébert, Casey Reas.

A lot of exhibitions, a lot of thirst for recognition. I get the feeling that all these artists have only attempted to create randomness and chaos, without actually creating it. Some sort of extreme quest of control over that human desire for chaotic disorder. Randomness by computer is still perceived as the total antithesis of randomness by humans, but is this really so? it's not that we really know where randomness originates and develops in the human mind, it might be more logical than we think.

> that’s too philosophical, show us some weird things


Artists that use pen plotters as mediums, that are mainly involved in the generative art movement, explore human-machine interactions (Sougwen Chun), even seeing them even as conversational (LIA), focusing on dynamic-fluid-esoteric forms and structures to get over the feeling of rigidity and inflexibility of the pen plotter involvement (Alida Sun). They let plotters be performative devices and storyteller, creating spaces that aim to even just enhance human interactions (Jürg Lehni-Jessica In), creating illusory fake organic structures, playing between harmony and chaos (Tyler Hobbs - Zancan), self-building frankenstein punk machines with paintball guns (Antigoon), working on data visualisation and sound design (Peco). There are so many artists out there that are involved in the pen plotter art, but, if I may, in a quite superficial way. The machine is the machine and it will draw the generated artwork. But isn’t there something more?

It’s somehow sad that plotters have been regarded merely as tools, peripheral tools. Yet, how wonderful the moment when a symbiotic relationship is built between the materials involved and the human action of letting the machine be a companion more than a device. Boundaries blur, and the machine assumes a quasi-autonomous presence in the artistic process. A dynamic of interplay, welcoming complexities and material vulnerabilities that working with this kind of machines introduces. Maybe even embracing the unexpected as a sort of performative act. Could this be seen as fetishization? Probably.

Anyway, it was Nake who was one of the first to sign his works with NAKE/ER56/Z64, acknowledging the computer system and plotter as integral collaborators in his artworks. The discussion about the legitimacy of recognizing hardware/software as authors, giving them a characteristic of humanity, is still very much open, now even more so than before. If it is the machine that produces the artwork, does that make it the only legitimate author?
It seems that James Pyle, from CalComp, thought so, when he held an international art competition in which plotters had to be the main tools used. Most of the art pieces didn’t have any attribution to the human artist involved in the creation of the pieces, just to CalComp :)




There is something mystical, enigmatic, about how pen plotting challenges what is the conventional notion of what drawing as an act is.
Drawing is viewed as an inherently human process, we are quite proud of it. Art history is based on that epic moment when some person decided to draw scenes of hunting and drugged shaman dances inside caves. We glorify the act of visual creation. The endlessly repeating of that act by the plotter alters that sense of sacredness that arises from the artist's personal touch, it makes some existential insecurities emerge.
Let’s embrace this! Let’s embrace a vision of the plotter as a machine that disrupts, add that transgressive element into the artistic process that is so much needed.

Is it still ok to go on? Usually, it is the end part, in a presentation of this type, that tries to be all nice and pompous and glossy. It is the grand finale, so get to the end.
After having conversations about pen plotting with both Thijs and Manetta, who I thank deeply, I would say that I may have gotten a little bit entangled in my typical flat bullet point fine art analysis, like I would speak about established art movements (even if art is not established at all, movements don’t even exist in the real sense of things). I would say xpub experimentations got over my head while I was exploring all those polished generative art online exhibitions. I should speak more about what pen plotting is for us as a community of students, and what might be. Indeed, pen plotting has been a great community tool shaping for us. It became the glue that let us stick together more in the studio and let us know more about each other, how cheesy!
As we are all from different backgrounds, we let machines be our companions in what is our own personal digging into experimental publishing, media archeology, skill building, tool making, performing acts, all done collectively. A plotter culture is emerging, it surely is.
For so long, I tried to destroy the wall between me and pen plotting as a technical tool, and only thanks to the skills and energy of my classmates did I succeed partially. Perhaps my role is to silently rant, more or less, about the techno-philosophical-exciting aspects of (lovely) metal boxes.

As I believe our xpub bubble is a bubble but still influenced by the outside world, I am looking forward to connecting with other bubbles, conquering the world together or something. There must be life out there!



(*ˊᗜˋ*)/ Thanks to:
Stefano, Edoardo, Thijs, Manetta

Reference Links:
https://www.hpmuseum.net/exhibit.php?class=4&cat=24
https://www.rightclicksave.com/article/an-interview-with-frieder-nake
https://computerhistory.org/
https://monoskop.org/images/7/7b/Noll_A_Michael_1967_The_digital_computer_as_a_creative_medium.pdf
https://ethw.org/First-Hand:Howard_Wise_Gallery_Show_of_Digital_Art_and_Patterns_(1965):_A_50th_Anniversary_Memoir (Computer Program for Artists: ART 1 Katherine Nash, Richard H. Williams)

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1572264
https://www.shapr3d.com/history-of-cad/computervision
https://medium.com/nightingale/pen-plotters-are-the-perfect-tool-for-data-storytelling-b05c71ceadd5
https://www.generativehut.com/
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16495236

✦ . 　⁺ 　 . ✦ . 　⁺ 　 . ✦



Plotters at XPUB (wiki-zine, version Nov/23)

A5 booklet that was printed to celebrate the plotter party on Monday 27 November at the XPUB studio.

It's a printed version of this wiki page, made with User:Manetta/Booklet.sh.

The PDF can be found here, and a booklet version here.

Pen plotters.pdf

Pen plot memes

Penplot-meme-1.jpg Penplot-meme-2.jpg Penplot-meme-3.jpg Penplot-meme-4.jpg Penplot-meme-5.jpg Penplot-meme-6.jpg Penplot-meme-7.jpg Penplot-meme-8.jpg Penplot-meme-9.jpg Penplot-meme-10.jpg Penplot-meme-11.jpg Penplot meme 12.jpg Penplot-meme-13again.jpg Penplot-meme-14.jpg

See also

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