Niek

1. The past, the present and the future

Earliest Known Image of the Dodo

Few 'things' are as vague and attractive as the past. It is a concept that is never really present, though it's traces are everywhere. The most appealing bit about it might be it's tangibility. One can never physically encounter what has already happened in the present and as such one is able to make things up about it without any historical characters complaining. The only thing one has to account for within historical practice are the concrete objects that actually bear witness to past events and are now collecting fungi within the recycled air of archives and libraries. As such, inanimate objects are the stuff historical knowledge is built upon.

Objects that are used as historical sources were once not only relics, but also tools or accounts. They were made and used by actual living beings with thoughts and feelings, but at one point in time they simply stopped being issued. The objects became redundant and landed outside the field of everyday use. Even though the itmes and the persons who used them are not seen on the streets anymore, they still have a very real place within contemporary discourse. Besides their economic value, historians and collectors are also attracted and attached to them for esthetic value and because of the stories behind them. They are able to project feelings and ideas upon them. Sometimes, such ideas lead to very elaborate narrative constructions, which are retold and reshaped over and over again and get new contemporary uses. Sometimes the objects even become part of a brand new ideology or story, either as an icon or as a brand new tool incorporating elements of the past item.

This is possible by means of reissuing which necessarily relies on past objects and sources. Nowadays, different interpretations of an endless variety of subjects can be found on the web and in digital libraries. Each one is equally represented and can be used as material for any sort of reissue. Every alternative to a conclusive past is a starting point for an alternative route that was not taken beforehand. Take for instance, certain technologies or philosophies that didn’t catch on in the time when they were proposed, but are now being used as a speculative approach to the past, present and future. As such, the past appears to be a relative subject outside the reach of a practical 'truth', since it can be bended and shaped by the ‘human mind’, which is the only true contemporary container of memory.

A Dugong dressed up as a mermaid in Aden, Yemen

However, something gets lost within these new narratives and digital tools contribute to this cultural misinterpretation. The true metaphysical meaning of objects, by which I mean it's particular essence whatever that may be, shifts between romantic speculation and sentimental relativism. One question I continually ask myself is what it means when an object becomes redundant or is being reissued, as I demonstrated by repurposing 20th century elitist avant-garde music and everyday cartoon VHS-tapes. While I am not a psychologist, I think that I probably contemplate on this because I wonder what it means to be redundant and reissued myself. At one point in time I will die and leave behind traces that might help to construct a narrative. I wonder what it essentially means to get lost in translation.

This is the question on which I want to focus during my graduation year. To answer it I will look at different approaches to the handling of historical sources, some pre-digital and some that are being enforced by digital tools. I am curious what kind of metaphysical estrangement they constitute and how they do this. Certain specified objects such as dodecaeders, mummies, mermaids, african festishes, the narwal tooth, John Dee's speculum and the image of the dodo will be taken as historical examples of this shifting of meaning and essence. I will delve deeper within the different metaphysical approaches to objects, for instance by means of object orientated ontology and Heideggerian phenomenology. In this way I will be able to specify what exactly gets lost within historical reissuing and if this matters at all.

I will turn my research into something concrete by means of an installation incorporating sound, image, light and animatronics. Objects of the past are orchestrated and manipulated to narrate a false, mutated history in the form of a 10 minute show bearing similarities to the type that can be found in amusement parks. One important factor in this show is the use of animation, for enforcing your will upon inanimate objects to construct a narrative is the start of any form of essential misinterpretation. This event consists within a triangle of the narrator, narration and reader. When enforced upon an object, we encounter the start of misinterpretation. This entire process will be present in my final work. Everything together will tell the story of the struggle between mankind and it's past and future by means of insensitive objects.

2. The Image of the Dodo

The dodo was an inhabitant bird of Mauritius who has been extinct

One of the most startling things about the dodo however, is how few actual remains it has left behind. These can be divided in three groups: First the written accounts,mostly left behind by Dutch sailors and other imperial explorers. Only 15 direct mentions and descriptions of the dodo who originate from the time it was still alive. Some of these are still disputed and as such nothing can be known for sure.

Second are the visual accounts, paintings and drawings from either stuffed or living animals. The question remains if these are originals of copies of other artists and most leave ...

3. Practical

Dodo Drama

My final work will not be a documentation or illustration of the research I will undertake in the months before it. However, it will incorporate it by means of me as the researcher producing work around the writing of it. I believe the metamorphosis on which I want to focus myself, specifically the cultural misinterpretation of objects and the problems in essence these constitutes, is something fundamentally human of which many examples can be found. To study these is the best way to start. I have started my research on the image on the dodo and have tried to express some of the issues concerning it's icon-making in a short animated film. Animation is the method I choose for constructing my manipulated narrations, because enforcing my will upon them does not put me in the reflective, relative sphere of the researcher. I'd like to contribute to a discourse with action and that is why I will produce expressive work about specified objects , so that I am also a spot in the history of the object.

4. Literature

• The Dodo, Erroll Fuller, 2003.
• The Song of the Dodo, David Quammen, 1997.
• Return of the Crazy Bird: The Sad, Strange Tale of the Dodo, 2003.
• The Follies of Science at the Court of Rudolph II, 1576-1612, Henry Carrington Bolton, 1904.
• Evil Media, Matthew Fuller and Andrew Goffey, 2012.
• Anti-Media: Ephemera On Speculative Arts, Florian Cramer, 2013.
• Remediation: Understanding New Media, Jay David Bolter and Richard Grusin, 2000.
• Tool-Being: Heidegger and the Metaphysics of Objects, Graham Harman, 2002.
• Guerilla Metaphysics: Phenomenology and the Carpentry of Things, Graham Harman, 2005.
• The Democracy of Objects, Levi Bryant, 2011.
• Alien Phenomenology, or What It's Like to Be a Thing, Ian Bogost, 2012.
• Vibrant Matter: A Political Ecology of Things, Jane Bennett, 2009.
• The Media Equation: How People Treat Computers, Television, and New Media Like Real People and Places, B. Reeves, B and C. Nass, 1996.
• Machines and mindlessness: Social responses to computers, C. Nass, C and Y. Moon, 2000.
• You Are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto, Jaron Lanier, 2011.
• The Future Of Nostalgia, Svetlana Boym, 2002.
• When Elephants Weep: The Emotional Lives of Animals, Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson, 1996.
• The Complete Hans Christian Andersen Fairy Tales, Hans Christian Andersen, 1981.
• Sein Und Zeit, Martin Heidegger, 1927.
• The Brave Little Toaster from Print to Film: Obsolescent Appliances and Capitalist Allegories, Margaret D. Stetz, Opticon 1826, 14: 21-26, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/opt.aj, 2012.
• The Brave Little Toaster, Thomas M. Disch, 1980.