User:Zuhui/πŸ‘€/Misplaced Concretism and Concrete Situations: Feminism, Method, and Information Technology

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Introduction: The 'turkey baster disaster' and the realpolitik

What was important about it for our purposes here, however, was a marked shift in the community from essentialist, β€œbiologically” driven explana- tions to more complex, contradictory, heterogeneous ways of thinking about experi- ence and situations. β€œMen” became modified by β€œour sons”; β€œmutants” were newly domesticated and intimate. And from this experience and many others, the vocabulary of essentialism was deeply scrutinized and abandoned (by many). Among other things, we took the misplaced concretism of sex and re-situated it within the concrete experi- ence of gender and relationships.

I want to take us from low-tech turkey basters to high-tech computers via this exam- ple, because I think it says something important about feminism, method, and tech- nology. One simplistic way of reading these events (and others of the late 1970s and early 1980s) is that the blunt reality of life experience interfered with an idealistic, ideo- logical kind of talkβ€”a form of realpolitik that was also a co-optation.

I hold that it is the all at once-ness that is at the core of feminist survival, and as a consequence at the core of our relationship to science and technology. The power to hold multiple, contradictory views in a moral collective is necessary in shaping the divergence between Big Brother and a positive, cyborg-inhabited multiverse.

νŽ˜λ―Έλ‹ˆμ¦˜μ΄ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ ν˜„μ‹€κ³Ό λͺ¨μˆœλœ 관점을 λ™μ‹œμ— λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 톡해 μƒμ‘΄ν•˜κ³  λ°œμ „ν•΄μ™”μœΌλ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λŠ₯λ ₯이 κ³Όν•™κ³Ό κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 방식에도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€. λΉ… λΈŒλΌλ”μ²˜λŸΌ λ‹¨μΌν•œ ν†΅μ œμ™€ κ·œμœ¨μ„ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ , μ‚¬μ΄λ³΄κ·Έμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΅μž‘μ„±κ³Ό 닀원성을 ν¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 사고가 ν•„μš”ν•œ 것이닀. λ™μ‹œλ‹€λ°œμ„±μ€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 핡심적인 방법둠이며, μ΄λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ νƒ€ν˜‘μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ ν˜„μ‹€ μ†μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 관점을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯을 λœ»ν•œλ‹€.

Look also-> 'A Cyborg Manifesto' by Donna J. Haraway, 1985

"Method is a way of surviving experience"

Method is a way of surviving experience. It is a word at once stronger than paradigm, in the sense that it often crosses, both historically and spatially, most uses of the Kuhnian term. It may be part of several paradigms; it may persist after other attributes of a paradigm have fallen away.

β–² 방법둠은 역사적, 곡간적 λ§₯락을 μ΄ˆμ›”ν•΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ„ λ„˜λ‚˜λ“ λ‹€. 즉, ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μ΄ λ°”λ€Œκ±°λ‚˜ 사라지더라도, κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λœ 방법둠은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆκ³  μœ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 과학적 μ‚¬κ³ μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 이둠이 νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„μœΌλ‘œ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ‘Œμ„ λ•Œ, κ·Έ 이둠이 λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ²„λ €μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έ 이둠을 νƒκ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λœ 방법듀은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μœ νš¨ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 것과 κ°™λ‹€.

The geography of nature to be experienced by feminism
-Subjects are cyborg : μ‚¬μ΄λ³΄κ·ΈλŠ” 인간과 κΈ°κ³„μ˜ 경계가 λͺ¨ν˜Έν•œ 쑴재둜, μœ λ™μ μ΄κ³  κ³ μ •λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 정체성을 μƒμ§•ν•œλ‹€. νŽ˜λ―Έλ‹ˆμ¦˜μ—μ„œ μ£Όμ²΄λŠ” κ³ μ •λœ 성별, 정체성을 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬λ‘œμ„œ, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ°›μœΌλ©° λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ λ³€ν™”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
-Nature is Coyote : μžμ—°μ΄λ‚˜ μΈκ°„μ˜ λ³Έμ§ˆμ„ κ³ μ •λœ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보지 μ•Šκ³ , λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ°€λŠ₯성을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λŠ” 관점.
-The geography is elsewhere : μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 기쑴의 지리적 λ˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ  경계가 더 이상 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ©°, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ νŒ¨λŸ¬λ‹€μž„ μ†μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 곳이 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 해석될 수 있음.

"...Included in the cyborg image is the question: how β€”a fundamentally methodological question."
μ‚¬μ΄λ³΄κ·ΈλŠ” κ³ μ •λœ 본질이 μ—†κ³ , 경계λ₯Ό λ„˜λ‚˜λ“œλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬μ΄λ―€λ‘œ, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ ν˜„μ‹€μ„ λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‹€λ£° 것인가

In Shulamith Reinharz’s terms, knowledge is inseparable from the process of strategic community building and understanding.

Considered formally, then, the attributes of feminist method are particularly important.

Where should information be situated?

...It becomes new, however, when people are added as active interpreters of information, who themselves inhabit multiple contexts of use and practice. What becomes problematic under these circumstances is the relationship between people and things, or objects, the relationship that creates representations and not just noise. Information is only information when there are multiple interpretations. One person’s noise may be another’s signal, or two people may agree to attend to something but it is the tension between contexts that actually creates representation.

Context - Tension - Representation
정보가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  ν•΄μ„λ˜λŠ” 문화적, μ‚¬νšŒμ , 역사적, 개인적 λ°°κ²½κ³Ό 같은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ§₯락듀 κ°„μ˜ 차이가 κΈ΄μž₯을 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 κΈ΄μž₯이 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ κ°ˆλ“±μ„ μ΄ˆλž˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 의미λ₯Ό μ°½μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ΄λΌλŠ” 점이 μ€‘μš”. μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ 정보가 ν•΄μ„λ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μΆ©λŒν•  λ•Œ, κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν‘œν˜„/μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μƒμ„±λœλ‹€λŠ” 것.

The expansion occurs by shifting the context in which the information resides.

κΈ΄μž₯: λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 관점, 해석, ν˜Ήμ€ 방식듀이 μΆ©λŒν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ„œλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 상황. 이 μΆ©λŒμ€ 정보에 λŒ€ν•΄ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ 해석이 μ•„λ‹Œ, μ—¬λŸ¬ 해석이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ „μ œλ‘œ ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ΄μž₯은 μ •λ³΄μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό ν’λΆ€ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ , λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μž¬ν•΄μ„λ  수 μžˆλŠ” 기회λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•œλ‹€.
:예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, 예술 μž‘ν’ˆμ΄ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œλŒ€μ™€ λ¬Έν™”μ—μ„œ λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 해석될 λ•Œ, 이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κΈ΄μž₯은 μ’…μ’… μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 해석과 의미의 ν™•μž₯을 κ°€μ Έμ˜¨λ‹€. 마치 ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ λ…μžκ°€ κ³ μ „ λ¬Έν•™ μž‘ν’ˆμ„ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ‹œκ°μ—μ„œ 해석할 λ•Œ, κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” κ³ λ €λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ˜λ―Έλ“€μ΄ λ“±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ.
ν‘œν˜„κ³Ό λ§₯락: κΈ΄μž₯은 ꢁ극적으둜 ν‘œν˜„μ„ μ°½μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” 데 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. ν‘œν˜„μ΄λž€ νŠΉμ •ν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ ν˜•μ„±λœ μ˜λ―Έλ‚˜ 상징을 λ§ν•˜λ©°, 정보가 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 데이터가 μ•„λ‹Œ, κ·Έ μ†μ—μ„œ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 의미λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 과정을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€. λ§₯락 κ°„μ˜ κΈ΄μž₯이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄, ν‘œν˜„μ€ κ³ μ •λ˜κ³  μ •μ²΄λœ μ˜λ―Έμ— 머무λ₯Ό 수 μžˆμœΌλ‚˜ 이 κΈ΄μž₯이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, ν‘œν˜„μ€ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ ν•΄μ„λ˜λ©°, 동적이고 λ³€ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 의미(i.e μΈν„°λ„·λ°ˆ)λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것.

Objects in communities of practice

Mediated by "Member" objects

 1.사물은 행동에 λ΄‰μ‚¬ν•œλ‹€
 2.사물은 행동을 μ€‘μž¬ν•œλ‹€
 3.사물은 λ§₯락과 행동 μ†μ—μ„œ 의미λ₯Ό 가진닀
 4.사물이 후속 행동을 μ€‘μž¬ν•˜λŠ” νž˜μ„ 가진닀

A community of practice is defined in large part according to the co-use of such objects, since all practice is so mediated. The relationship of the newcomer to the community largely revolves around the nature of the relationship with the objectsβ€”and not, counterintuitively, directly with the people. Acceptance or legitimacy derives from the familiarity of action mediated by β€œmember” objects.

Familiarity and Naturalization

She explains that when a new member joins a community of practice, the relationship with objects is more important than the relationships with other members of the community. In other words, to be recognized as a member of the community, one must become familiar with the objects used within that community. The relationship with objects becomes a key criterion for gaining legitimacy within the community.

When an object becomes naturalized within a community, it is no longer seen as something special but rather becomes something that members use as a matter of course. Members become part of the community through their interactions with these objects.

사물은 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 도ꡬ μ΄μƒμ˜ 의미λ₯Ό 가지며, μ‹€μ²œ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ²˜λŸΌ ν™œλ™μ„ μ€‘μž¬ν•œλ‹€. 사물은 κ·Έ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ—μ„œ ꡬ성원듀 κ°„μ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ³ , μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡬ성원이 곡동체에 μ μ‘ν•˜κ³  μΈμ •λ°›λŠ” 데 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•œλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ, 사물은 μ‹€μ²œ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ 핡심적인 λ§€κ°œμ²΄λ‘œμ„œ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ˜ κ΅¬μ„±μ›μ²˜λŸΌ κΈ°λŠ₯ν•˜λŠ” 것.
Trajectory of membership and ambiguity
She states that people move along a trajectory of belonging within a community of practice. This trajectory represents the process by which individuals gradually adapt to the community, develop a sense of belonging, and ultimately become full members.
From illegitimate peripheral participation to full membership
이 과정은 λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 지식을 μŒ“λŠ” κ²ƒλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 곡동체 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜κ³  μ†Œν†΅ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό λ°°μ›Œλ‚˜κ°€λŠ” 과정을 λ§ν•œλ‹€. ν•™μŠ΅μ€ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ •λ³΄μ˜ μŠ΅λ“μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, μ†Œμ†κ°κ³Ό κ΅¬μ„±μ›μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ 정체성을 ν˜•μ„±ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ΄λΌλŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ €μžλŠ” μ†Œμ† 과정을 λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜λŠ” μš”μ†Œλ‘œ 사물과 κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ μžμ—°ν™” 과정을 μΆ”κ°€ν•œλ‹€. μ‚¬λ¬Όκ³Όμ˜ μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©μ΄ μ†Œμ†μ˜ ν•„μˆ˜ 쑰건(sine qua non)μ΄λΌλŠ” 뜻이며, μ†Œμ†μ˜ κΆ€μ μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 κ·Έ κ³΅λ™μ²΄μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 사물듀과 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관계λ₯Ό λ§Ίκ³ , 그것듀이 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ§€λŠ”μ§€μ˜ 여뢀인 것이닀.