User:E.zn/rpi

Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer

___________________________________SD card

_ _ _ _ _ Download .img

Download RPi image from raspberrypi.org either manually or using wget. For instance, the latest release of Raspberry Pi OS Lite at the time of writing this is 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip

wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_lite_armhf/images/raspios_lite_armhf-2021-01-12/2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip

_ _ _ _ _ Verify Hash Key

Hash key [ sha256 ] is provided on the website, next to the RPi image info. For 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip, it's d49d6fab1b8e533f7efc40416e98ec16019b9c034bc89c59b83d0921c2aefeef.

sha256sum ~/Downloads/2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip

_ _ _ _ _ Unzip

unzip 2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.zip

_ _ _ _ _ Check mounted devices

When you have an SD card inserted in your laptop, it will show up as a partition[s] on the list of mounted devices : /dev/mmcblk0<#> [in my case: /dev/mmcblk0]

df -h

_ _ _ _ _ Unmount

Unmount the SD card partition[s] [in this case it's only /dev/mmcblk0]

umount /dev/mmcblk0

_ _ _ _ _ .img-to-SD

To write the image to the SD card, run the following command, but make sure of= argument output is a correct device name, meaning the whole SD card and not one of its partitions!

sudo dd bs=4M status=progress if=2021-01-11-raspios-buster-armhf-lite.img of=/dev/mmcblk0

sudo sync

_ _ _ _ _ ssh file

Create a file named ssh in a boot partition

cd /media/ezn/boot

touch ssh

SD card is good to go. Insert the card in RPi before powering it on, and shutdown the Raspberry Pi before unplugging the card.

___________________________________RPi

Default user: pi

Default pwd: raspberry

Default hostname: raspberrypi

_ _ _ _ _ ssh

Connect your RPi to a router with an ethernet cable. To try to ssh into it using the default credentials

ssh pi@raspberrypi

If it didn't work, find the RPi IP address first. For this reason, scan your local network

nmap -sn 192.168.1.1-255

I'm gonna use my RPi IP address [192.168.1.4], and default username [pi] and password [raspberry] to ssh into it

ssh pi@192.168.1.4

In case you get the following message: Wi-Fi is currently blocked by rfkill

sudo rfkill unblock 0

_ _ _ _ _ Hostname

To change the hostname from the default raspberrypi to your desired one

sudo raspi-config

Go to System Options, select Hostname and rename it. Then <Ok> and <Finish>. You'll be asked to reboot the RPi.

_ _ _ _ _ Add a user

Switch to root

sudo -i

To add a user [ezn, for instance]

adduser ezn

You'll be prompted to set a password for this user

To add ezn to a sudo group

adduser ezn sudo

To check if ezn is indeed sudo

id ezn

If ezn is a sudo user, the command should output 27(sudo) at the end of the line, after uid, gid and groups.

To switch to a specific user

sudo su - ezn

_ _ _ _ _ Remove default pi user

Since during the configuration, we initially logged in as pi, we need to log out from it first and then delete it. So, run logout or exit until you're completely out and then ssh back into RPi as ezn

ssh ezn@192.168.1.4

sudo -i

deluser pi

To check a list of users

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

_ _ _ _ _ Setting locale

sudo -i

echo "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8" >> /etc/environment

echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.gen

echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf

locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

_ _ _ _ _ public/private keys

To generate a public/private key pair, on your machine [laptop] run

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -b 320

Both public [id_ed25519.pub] and private [id_ed25519] keys are stored in a hidden .ssh folder in the Home directory.

To securely copy the contents of the public key into an authorized_keys file on your RPi [run this on your machine]

cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh ezn@192.168.1.4 "mkdir -p ~/.ssh && chmod 700 ~/.ssh && cat >>  ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"

_ _ _ _ _ Disable pwd and root login

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Uncomment

PermitRootLogin prohibit-password

Uncomment

PubkeyAuthentication yes

Uncomment and set it to no

PasswordAuthentication no

Save changes

Ctrl + s

Ctrl + x

_ _ _ _ _ Reload SSH

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

_ _ _ _ _ Reboot

sudo reboot

_ _ _ _ _ Login with a Host name

To ssh w/a Host name [watermelon, for example] as opposed to ssh ezn@192.168.1.4 or ssh ezn@kibkadar, you'll need to modify the config file in .ssh directory. Open it:

sudo nano ~/.ssh/config

and add the following:

Host watermelon

User ezn

Hostname 192.168.1.4

Port 22

Identityfile /home/ezn/.ssh/id_ed25519

Serveraliveinterval 30

Ctrl + s

Ctrl + x

Now you can ssh as Host

ssh watermelon

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

For Nginx and Tor setup >> instructions by Aymeric