User:Zuhui/πŸ‘€/Georges Perec's Thinking Machines

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Semantic Poetry and P.A.L.F

The "Semantic Poetry" devised by Stefan Themerson is an experimental approach that deconstructs the meaning and essence of traditional poetry by replacing words in the poem with their dictionary definitions.
(take a line from William Wordsworth)

β€œI wandered lonely as a cloud…”
↓
β€œI wandered lonely as a mass of watery vapor suspended in the upper atmosphere”

이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ, μ›λž˜ ꡬ절이 κ°–κ³  있던 μ‹œμ  μ •μ„œμ™€ 이미지가 μƒμ‹€λ˜κ³ , λŒ€μ‹  λ¬΄λ―Έκ±΄μ‘°ν•˜κ³  기계적인 μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ λ‚¨κ²Œ λœλ‹€. ν…Œλ©”λ₯΄μ†μ˜ 이 기법은 두 가지 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ λ…νŠΉν•˜λ‹€:
1. μ‹œμ˜ 정체성 해체: 의미 μ‹œλŠ” λ…μžκ°€ μ‹œλ₯Ό 해석할 λ•Œ λŠλΌλŠ” 직관적 아름닀움과 감성을 μ˜λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ±°ν•΄ 버린닀. κ°μ„±μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 상징적인 μ–Έμ–΄λŠ” 사전적 μ •μ˜λ‘œ μΉ˜ν™˜λ˜λ©°, μ΄λŠ” μ‹œμ  ν‘œν˜„μ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ μ„€λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄ μ‹œκ°€ 가진 본래의 맀λ ₯을 λΉΌμ•—λŠ” 것이닀. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ‹œκ°€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 언어적 ꡬ성 μ΄μƒμ˜ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 점을 μ—­μ„€μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°•μ‘°ν•˜λŠ” μ…ˆ. 2. 문학적 진정성에 λŒ€ν•œ 질문: ν…Œλ©”λ₯΄μ†μ€ 의미 μ‹œλ₯Ό 톡해, λ¬Έν•™μ΄λ‚˜ μ‹œκ°€ β€˜μ§„μ •ν•œ μ˜λ―Έβ€™λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” 전톡적 관점을 μ‘°λ‘±ν•œλ‹€. κ·ΈλŠ” 언어와 의미의 상관관계가 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μ§κ΄€μ μ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 감정적일 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©°, 문학이 본질적으둜 λ¬΄μ˜λ―Έν•œ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŒμ„ 보여쀀닀.

P.A.L.F and exhausting the lexicon experiment

P.A.L.F. makes translation by semantic definition a recursive device (applying it over again to the output of the β€œmachine”) and quickly produces monstrously inflated expressions that tend asymptotically toward the inclusion of all the words in the lexicon. Perec and BΓ©nabou hypothesized that if any text subjected to the automatic production device tended toward the exhaustion of the lexicon, then any two texts would at some point of expansion come to include the same words as each other.

Technically it didn't work, but I like it. Like some kind of a philosophical jest suggesting that if all texts were infinitely expanded, they would ultimately converge to the same content in essence.

60s' Post-structuralism

P.A.L.F. is of interest as the first explicitly mechanical device entertained by Perec for the production of literary texts, and also as a symptom of the β€˜60s’ fascination with the potential of the signifier to subvert, overturn, and generally wreak havoc with meaning and authorial intention.

1.기호의 전볡적 잠재λ ₯:
κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ 의미λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, 의미λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈκ³  뒀집고 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 잠재λ ₯을 κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ³Έ μ‹œκΈ°. 기호 κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ μ˜λ―Έλ‚˜ μ˜λ„(authorial intention)λ₯Ό μ‰½κ²Œ κ³ μ •μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μ—†λŠ” νž˜μ„ κ°€μ§„λ‹€λŠ” μΈμ‹μ˜ ν™•μ‚°.
e.g. ν•œ 단어가 νŠΉμ • 의미λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λ € ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έ 단어 μžμ²΄κ°€ λ‹€μ˜μ„±μ„ 가지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μ˜λ„μ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 해석이 생길 수 μžˆλ‹€. 이런 μ μ—μ„œ 1960λ…„λŒ€ 사상가듀은 κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ λ‹¨μΌν•œ 의미둜 고정될 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³ , 기호의 이 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ νž˜μ„ 적극적으둜 νƒκ΅¬ν–ˆλ‹€. 2.μ €μž μ˜λ„μ˜ 해체:
기호의 μ˜λ―Έκ°€ 변함에 따라, μ €μžμ˜ μ˜λ„ μ—­μ‹œ 전볡될 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 생각이 1960λ…„λŒ€μ— 퍼지기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” 포슀트ꡬ쑰주의의 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 아이디어 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ, μ €μžκ°€ 무언가λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν–ˆλ‹€κ³  해도, λ…μžκ°€ κ·Έ 기호λ₯Ό μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ„ν•˜λŠλƒμ— 따라 μ˜λ„μ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ 생길 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것. λ”°λΌμ„œ ν…μŠ€νŠΈλŠ” λ…μžμ˜ 해석에 따라 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μž¬κ΅¬μ„±λ  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬κ°€ 되며, μ €μžμ˜ μ˜λ„λŠ” 점점 더 λ¬΄μ˜λ―Έν•΄μ§€κ±°λ‚˜ 뢀차적인 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 간주됨. 3.P.A.L.F.와 기호 μ‹€ν—˜:
νŽ˜λ ‰μ˜ P.A.L.F.λŠ” κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ 가진 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 전볡적 νž˜μ„ μ‹€ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” μž₯μΉ˜μ΄λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” κΈ°κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν…μŠ€νŠΈλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚΄λ©°, 단어와 기호λ₯Ό 반볡적으둜 μ •μ˜ν•˜κ³  λ³€ν™˜ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ›λž˜μ˜ μ˜λ„λ₯Ό μ „λ³΅μ‹œν‚€κ³ , μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ ν…μŠ€νŠΈμ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해λ₯Ό μ™„μ „νžˆ ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€.
이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ˜λ―Έλ‚˜ μ˜λ„λŠ” 고정될 수 μ—†κ³  λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 점을 μ‹€ν—˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것이며, μ΄λŠ” 1960λ…„λŒ€μ˜ 언어와 κΈ°ν˜Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 관심, 그리고 κΈ°ν˜Έκ°€ 기쑴의 의미 체계λ₯Ό μ „λ³΅ν•˜λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성을 잘 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 예라고 ν•  수 있음.

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