RPi OS image

Download Raspbian Buster Lite on your machine

PRi SD card setup [on Linux]

Hash Key

Verify if the the hash key of the zip file matches the one on the downloads page
[Buster Lite: SHA-256: 12ae6e17bf95b6ba83beca61e7394e7411b45eba7e6a520f434b0748ea7370e8]:

sha256sum <path to an image zip file>

Unzip

Unzip the zip file

cd <path to an image zip file>
unzip  2020-02-13-raspbian-buster-lite.zip

Mounted Devices

Check mounted devices

df -h

Your SD card [partition(s)] will show up on the list: dev/mmcblk0<#>

Unmount

umount /dev/mmcblk0p1

Image-to-SD

To write the image to the SD card, run the following command, but make sure of= argument output is a correct device name, meaning the whole SD card and not one of its partitions!

sudo dd bs=4M status=progress if=<path to .img file> of=/dev/mmcblk0
sudo sync

ssh File

Create a file named ssh and save it in a boot partition

cd <path to a boot partition>
touch ssh

SD card is good to go. Insert the card before powering on the Raspberry Pi, and shutdown the Raspberry Pi before unplugging the card.

Configuring RPi

Default user: pi
Default pwd: raspberry
Default hostname: raspberrypi

SSH into RPi

To ssh into RPi, first, try

ssh pi@raspberrypi

If it doesn't work and

a]] You have a screen and keyboard:

Insert SD and power the RPi. The IP address will be displayed in the console at the end of the boot process. Login with the default credentials and enable sshd

sudo raspi-config

Go to Interfacing Options and enable SSH.
If you did not take note of the IP yet, you can always do

ifconfig eth0 | grep inet

ssh in RPi

ssh pi@192.168.1.XXX

b]] You don't have a screen:

Connect your machine to a router with an ethernet cable and run

nmap -sn 192.168.1.1-255

Adjust network mask, the RPi's default name is raspberrypi
Or if raspberrypi doesn't show up on the list:

hostname -I
nmap -sn <ip address of your machine>/22

Now connect the rpi to the router and map the network again

nmap -sn <ip address of your machine>/22

The additional ip address that showed up is of RPi

ssh pi@<RPi IP address>

Change a hostname

sudo raspi-config

Go to Network Options, select Hostname and rename it If, for instance, Hostname is set to kadut, you may now ssh into the RPi this way

ssh pi@kadut

Add a User

Switch to root

sudo -i

Create a user

adduser xpub

To ssh to rpi using that username

ssh xpub@kadut

Add a user to a sudo group

adduser xpub sudo

To check if a user is sudo

id xpub

If xpub is a sudo user, the command should output 27(sudo) at the end of the line, after uid, gid and groups. To switch to a different user

sudo su - <username>

Remove default pi user

sudo -i
deluser pi

List of users

cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd

Delete user

userdel <username>

Setting locale

sudo -i
echo "LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8" >> /etc/environment
echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" >> /etc/locale.gen
echo "LANG=en_US.UTF-8" > /etc/locale.conf
locale-gen en_US.UTF-8

SSH

Generate public/private keys on your machine

ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -b 320

Your public [id_ed25519.pub] and private [id_ed25519] keys are stored in .ssh directory in the Home folder of your machine.

Get the public key onto RPi

To copy the public key from your machine into authorized_keys file on RPi

cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub | ssh xpub@kadut

Or display the contents of id_ed25519.pub file

cat <path to id_ed25519.pub>

Copy the key and go to .ssh folder on RPi

cd <path to .ssh directory on the RPi>

and paste it into authorized_keys file

sudo nano authorized_keys
Ctrl + x
y

Disable pwd and root login

sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Uncomment PasswordAuthentication and set it to no
Uncomment PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
Save and exit

Ctrl + x
y

Reload SSH

sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

Reboot RPi

sudo reboot

Login with a Host name

In order to ssh into RPi using only a Host name instead of xpub@kadut, modify a config file on your machine in .ssh folder:

Host watermelon
User xpub
Hostname kadut
Port 22
Identityfile <path to id_ed25519 file on your machine>
Serveraliveinterval 30

Host can be different from Hostname: watermelon
Hostname can be either set to RPi IP address or a name you've set via sudo raspi-config: kadut
And ssh

ssh watermelon

For Nginx and Tor setup >> instructions by Aymeric

User:E.zn/rpi

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