User:Tancre/readings/Pasquinelli on augmented intelligence

Pasquinelli - Augmented intelligence

Augmented intelligence is an umbrella-term used in media theory, cognitive sciences, neurosciences, philosophy of mind and political philosophy to cover the complex relation between human intelligence, on one side, and mnemotechniques and computational machines, on the other, both understood as an expansion (also to a social and political degree) of human cognitive faculties.

Main Synonyms

Extended mind, extended cognition, externalism, distributed cognition, social brain. From cognitive science and philosophy but not only with technology. Virtual reality, augmented reality and teleoperation. For their influence on cognition. Brain-computer interfaces, the exo-self and the exo-body.

It is different from AI (implies autonomy of the machine intelligence) and swarm intelligence (decentralized and spontaneous forms of organization in animals, humans, bots).

Nootropics > drugs that improve mental functions such as memory, motivation and attention.

History

• Babbage - Division of mental labour (1832)> Relation cognitive faculties/labout/computation

• Engelbart - augmented human intellect: a conceptual framework (1962)
  • Bush - memex (1945)
  • Ashby - intelligence amplification (1956)
  • Licklider - man-computer symbiosis (1960)
  • Ramo - intelletronics (1961)

From Engelbart methodology called 'bootstrapping', political and progressive vision. Any form of augmented individual intelligence immediatley lead to the collective and political intelligence.

Conceptual Axes of Augmentation

• technological axis > any technique of external memory as extension of human cognition. McLuhan innovations in media causes expansion of our senses affecting cognition and social organization. After McLuhan 4 epistemic periods: sign/information/algorithm/intelligence. Interaction between humand mind and techniques of augmentation is recursive. AI hypothesis (Turing) trivially as autonomous machine, more interestingly, as alliance between the two forms of cognition. (vinge 1993 - technological ingularity / chalmers 2010 - intelligence explosion).

• political axis >