User:Tancre/Prototyping/AI

From XPUB & Lens-Based wiki

AI - Artificial Intelligence

  • automaton(animatronics/mechatronics/robotics/robot/android)
  • computer science
  • Logic (formal reasoning) + Philosophy of mathematic + Analytic Philosophy
  • cryptography (secure communication)

Sections

Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

Automated Planning and Scheduling

Machine Learning

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

ELIZA

Computer Vision

Robotics

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

Brief Historical Context

Ancient Greece

  • Mythology Hephaestus /Pygmalion / Dedalus (Talos/Pandora/Galatea) // relation between Hephaestus and Dedalus + sphinx as a talking statue
  • Aristotel - 'Organon' syllogistic logic, first attempt to rappresent logic operators in linguistic symbols + Antikythera mechanism, oldest analogue computer

13th century

  • Talking heads
  • Raimond Llull

15th century

  • Gutenberg - Invention of printing (1456 Gutenberg Bible)
  • Clocks

17th century

1666 Leibniz - 'Ars combinatoria', symbolic logic

19th century

1822 Babbage - 'Note on the application of machinery to the computation of very big mathematical tables', Difference Engine
1837 Babbage - 'On the Mathematical Power of the Calculating Engine', Analytical Engine
1843 Lovelace - first published algorithm
1847 Boole - 'Mathematical Analysis of Logic', Boolean logic (Boolean algebra, Binary logic)
1847 De Morgan - 'Formal Logic', De Morgan's law
Pierce
Peano
1884 Frege - 'Foundation of Arithmetic'

20th century

1913 Russell, Whitehead - 'Principia Mathematica'
1920 Hilbert - Hilbert's program
1921 Wittgenstein - 'Tractatus-logico philosophicus'
1928 Hilbert - Entscheidungsproblem
1931 Göedel - incompletness theorem, impossibility to prove the Hilbert's program and to clarify the foundation of mathematics
1936 Church, Turing - Church-Turing thesis, impossibility to solve the Entscheidungsproblem
1936 Turing - 'On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem', Turing machine (TM) + Universal Turing Machine (UTM), first theorization of the stored-program computer
1937 Shannon - 'A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits', complete electronic logic gate through the switching circuit theory
1940 COMPUTER SCIENCE >> first Turing-complete computers
1948 Shannon - 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', Information theory
1948 CYBERNETICS >> Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
1950 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE >> Turing - 'Computing machinery and intelligence', Turing test
1959 Samuel - 'Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers' - Machine Learning
1966 Weizenbaum - ELIZA, first chatbot in natural language processing (NLP) systems

Books & Articles

Weizenbaum - ELIZA, a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Turing - Computing machinery and intelligence

to read
Turing - The essential Turing
Asimov - Robot series (three laws of robotics + zeroth law)
Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
Shannon - A Mathematical Theory of Communication