User:)biyibiyibiyi(/RW&RM 04/a bibliography

Dragana, D. and Charitos, D. (2017). Going Off the Cloud: The Role of the Art in the Development of a User Owned & Controlled Connected World. Journal of Peer Production, Issue 9

an overview of maker movement in China from the very first hacker spaces. The writer took noticed of the unique cultural fabrics that exist in Chinese context of maker culture. It also provided brief history of how maker culture originated in Silicon Valley. Origination of maker culture in the U.S. was instilled by media such as the Wired Magazine, as ways to enabling of new forms of citizen science and democratizing technology production. It drew critical comparisons between the Chinese context and elite reuse culture; such as, the understanding of dealing e-waste in mundane small shops in China as making out of necessity and intuitive acts, as compared to reuse promoted as an compensation towards consumerism.

The article also discussed topics of authorship and IP(intellectual property) in context of Chinese manufacturing. It cited "Gongkai", a principle that refer to open sharing principle in Chinese manufacturing and "Gongban", a prototype board that's shared across various components in manufacturing business to decrease cost. This is cited as example that differs to the quintessential Western open source culture.

The examination of Chinese maker movement offered by author's field work challenges western authority and authenticity claims of what counts as innovation, creativity, and design; challenges a global maker movement that subsumes local practices in the visions and historical references to American digital culture.