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Graduation Project Proposal Draft 4
19 | 11 | 18

A page of Willem 's Gravesande's 1720 book Physices Elementa Mathematica with Jan van Musschenbroek's magic lantern projecting a monster.

Gaspard Robinson – Phantasmagoria

Eigengrau

What do you want to make?
I am fascinated by the epoch of the 18th century, the precursor epoch of the cinema, where humans created different spatial illusional archetypes through the invention of a multi-sensorial experience: phantasmagoria, an audio-visual dialogue between the dead and living. 1 (Mannoni, 2000) This projection apparatus was the further development of magic-latern, that achieved mobility and moved silently. The projections appeared in different sizes, while creating a motion-effect on the smoke, so that they looked more aerial and more ghostly. Nevertheless this opened up the virtual depth of the image space as a sphere of dynamic changes for the first time. 2 (Grau, 2007) The public was entertained by subjects such as the supernatural, where mythological monsters, scenes from Gothic novels, and references to contemporary politics were the main inspiration sources.
My goal is to reinterpret this media object into our contemporary context by using new technological developments and searching for the answer for the following question:

What constitutes the supernatural of our society?
Therefore I would like to explore the integration of new media and technologies in spiritualist contexts. The research is tracing back the passage from the supernatural to the technological, and the technological to the neurological: the phantoms move from outside to inside. The human nervous system becomes the apparatus through which the phantasm is produced.
Eigengrau, the title of the audiovisual installation is derived from German origin meaning dark light or brain grey. In 1860 the German psychologist Gustav Theodor Fechner (1801–1887) introduced this term to denote the disorganised motion of greyish colour seen in perfect darkness.
This performative work will be aesthetic in the sense, that I will be communication through atmospheres, and is designed to immerse the viewer into an uncanny experience – a multi-sensory abstracted space, that embraces our feelings of anxiety, invokes the power of the invisible and changes our perceptions through space, light, haze and sound. Since phantasmagoria was established for entertainment purposes–my goal is to position the installation into the club context for creating a transcendental space for body and soul, while establishing the notion of omnipresence.

How does this work differentiates itself from other light installations?
Eigengrau is build on a conceptual foundation that stands on three main pillars: the reinterpretation of the media object, phantasmagoria into our contemporary context by using new technological developments; the research draws a link between the supernatural of the 18th century and our society and the relocating the work into the entertainment-club context. It aims to have a critical view on interaction, where the use of technology becomes a tool to be able to reflect conceptually on our zeitgeist. By the use of limited tools the work aims to create a strong impact on the viewers.

How do you plan to make it?
I am inspired by the work methodology of artist James Turrell, who has been working closely to the field of perceptual psychology. Therefore my goal is to set up a dark room laboratory to be able to undertake weekly experiences with different LED strips, haze, and sound. Through these hardware sessions the different characteristics of light will be analysed such as speed, luminance, color, motion, rhythm, structure and vibration. These tests would help me to formulate my answers to my main question, which would create a good foundation for the final installation. In parallel it is important for me to investigate into literature research about the themes of media archaeology, philosophy, psychology, light, brain, emotions, space, human perception and technology. I am considering myself to belong to the tradition of artists, who use experiments to create aesthetic experiences.

What is your timetable?

September – October 2018: Research + Prototyping
November – December 2018: Prototyping & human testing with sensors, some parts are in 1:1 scale
January – February 2019: Finalisation of the installation parts: technical drawing, final software
March – April 2019: Production of the final installation
May 2019: Testing and documenting the process
June 2019: Buffer time
July 2019: Graduation Show

Why do you want to make it / Relation to previous practice

I have been VJing since 2012 starting in the underground rave parties of Vienna and moving up to club and festival nights later on. This year I took new steps in my audiovisual practice and was more interested in the conceptual and perceptional approach behind my visuals: How can I play with space, brightness, time and perspective? How can I create an dialogue between the sound and the visual, while only using a very minimalistic formal language? How can I break out of the traditional frame format and find other alternatives for it? How could my visuals become a political act?

During the summer of 2018 I performed at two festivals: Dekmantel in Amsterdam and Atlas Electronic in Marrakech. Through working as an VJ assistant for the dutch light artist, Arnout Hulskamp at Dekmantel festival I understood the time factor related to space. My first encounter of the physical characteristics of the light was at Atlas Electronic festival, where I projected a white cone and through the smoke it created a tunnel between the lens of the projector and the display wall. This discovery lead me to a new fascination of how can I encompass more spatial illusions and disorientations by only using three main elements such as a dark space, light and smoke.

I started a theoretical research about the precursors of projectors and came across of phantasmagoria. The mysterious context around this media apparatus started to trigger my fascination and curiosity. Plunged in darkness and assailed by unearthly sounds, spectators were subjected to an eerie, estranging, and ultimately baffling spectral parade. The illusion was apparently so convincing that surprised audience members sometimes tried to fend off the moving "phantoms" with their hands or fled the room in terror. 3 (Castle, 1988)

When we talk about phantasmagorias it is important to underline its immersive characteristics and its significance for the field of media art by citing the words of the German art historian and media theoretician, Oliver Grau: ‘The phantasmagoria can be understood as a media principle that suggests that contact can be made with the psyche, the dead, or artificial life forms. It is therefore necessary to expand McLuhan’s theory. Addressing emotions and paranormal human experiences with magical means stems from the insecurity produced by the technological utopia.’ 4 (Grau, 2007)

The digital developments of the twentieth century brought mankind new spatial perception such as Cyberspace. ‘This space appears to be real and at the same time not geometric or not real in any physically determined way. We use completely new concepts to visualise or understand this space: rhizomes, networks consisting of nodes without any hierarchy.’ 5 (Rekveld, 2007) In 1970 the Artist Dan Graham coined the term “cyberspace” by this he meant a space which is meditated through the feedback technology of video tape; It was Graham who – 11 years before William Gibson used it – coined the term “cyberspace” to describe the new inter-subjective technological space created by the interaction of humans within a video mediated circuit” 6 (William Kaizer, 2008)

After the millennium humans desired new understandings of spatial concepts – a hybrid space of the physical and virtual. These psychical environments build by digital components such as custom made softwares, sensors, digital interactions, where the digital merges with the physical, creating an infinite interwoven feedback loop. Human senses are triggered by these elements, while creating new sensory experiences. These have been deeply researched and experimented by scientists and cybernetic artists in 1950’s such as Gordon Pask with his Musicolour performances, who described it, the performer “trained the machine and it played a game with him. In this sense, the system acted as an extension of the performer with which he could cooperate to achieve effects that he could not achieve on his own”. 7 (Gordon, 1971)

Reflecting on the work by the artist Brion Gysin and William S. Burrough’s “system adviser” Ian Sommerville the Dreamachine, inspired and created after reading the book by the British neurophysiologist William Grey Walter, ‘The Living Brain’. Gysin, Burrough and Sommerville achieved new neurological aftereffects by using the dual structure of the shifting afterimage and �fickering interruption to produce a virtually experienced moving image, the perceptual cell embodies what theorist Friedrich Kittler called the two “theoretical conditions of cinema” that have occupied both scientists and philosophers of vision since the nineteenth century and that preceded the development of �film technology. 8 (Gadassik, 2016) Through the technology phantoms were not anymore visible outside, rather inside of the human brain.

Who can help you and how?
PZI staff: Javier Lloret (LED), Steve Rushton (Theory)
Children of the Light: Arnout Hulskamp, Christopher Gabriel (LED)
Sound:frame: Eva Fischer (Theory)
Sound design: Sebastien Robert (Sound)
Sound technology: 4D Soundsystem (Sound)

Relation to a larger context Eigengrau could be positioned in the field of the crossover of media art and technology while following the tradition of artists such as James Turrell, Anthony McCall, United Visual Artists and festivals such as Ars Electronica, Japan Media Arts Festival, Atonal Berlin.

References
Reading
Sources
1 Mannoni, Laurent, "The Great Art of Light and Shadow - Archaeology of the Cinema, University of Exeter Press, 2000
2 Grau, Oliver, "Media Art Histories", The MIT Press, 2010
3 Joost Rekveld 2007, Mental Spaces, viewed 15 October 2018, <http://www.joostrekveld.net/wp/?page_id=590>
3 Joost Rekveld 2007 Mental Spaces, viewed 15 October 2018, <http://www.joostrekveld.net/wp/?page_id=590>
4 Steps to an Ecology of Communication: Radical Software, Dan Graham, and the Legacy of Gregory Bateson; William Kaizen: Art Journal, Vol. 67, No. 3 (FALL 2008) 5 Steps to an Ecology of Communication: Radical Software, Dan Graham, and the Legacy of Gregory Bateson; William Kaizen: Art Journal, Vol. 67, No. 3 (FALL 2008)

@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 '''Why do you want to make it / Relation to previous practice'''
-light as communication media
+I have been VJing since 2012 starting in the underground rave parties of Vienna and moving up to club and festival nights later on. This year I took new steps in my audiovisual practice and was more interested in the conceptual and perceptional approach behind my visuals: ''How can I play with space, brightness, time and perspective? How can I create an dialogue between the sound and the visual, while only using a very minimalistic formal language? How can I break out of the traditional frame format and find other alternatives for it? How could my visuals become a political act?''
 <br>
-Marshall McLuhan’s influential materialistic discourse interpreted
-media as externalizations of bodily organs and sensory perception.
 <br>
-We know that Athanasius Kircher and Gaspar Schott pressed
+During the summer of 2018 I performed at two festivals: Dekmantel in Amsterdam and Atlas Electronic in Marrakech. Through working as an VJ assistant for the dutch light artist, Arnout Hulskamp at Dekmantel festival I understood the time factor related to space. My first encounter of the physical characteristics of the light was at Atlas Electronic festival, where I projected a white cone and through the smoke it created a tunnel between the lens of the projector and the display wall. This discovery lead me to a new fascination of how can I encompass more spatial illusions and disorientations by only using three main elements such as a dark space, light and smoke.
-the laterna magica into the service of the Jesuits’ propagatio fidei in order to put
-the fear of God into their audiences by illuminating the devil
 <br>
-magic latern
 <br>
-immersion
+I started a theoretical research about the precursors of projectors and came across of phantasmagoria. The mysterious context around this media apparatus started to trigger my fascination and curiosity. Plunged in darkness and assailed by unearthly sounds, spectators were subjected to an eerie, estranging, and ultimately baffling spectral parade. The illusion was apparently so convincing that surprised audience members sometimes tried to fend off the moving "phantoms" with their hands or fled the room in terror. 3 (Castle, 1988)
 <br>
-post-digital spaces
-I have been VJing since 2012 starting in the underground rave parties of Vienna and moving up to club and festival nights later on. This year I took new steps in my audiovisual practice and was more interested in the conceptual and perceptional approach behind my visuals. How can I play with space, brightness, time and perspective? How can I create an dialogue between the sound and the visual, while only using very minimalistic formal language?
-In 2017 at my 360 degree projection mapping performance in La Gaîté Lyrique in Paris I realised, how much impact light has on the audience, if it surrounds them from all the sides and creates an embodied experience. During this summer I performed at two festivals: Dekmantel in Amsterdam and Atlas Electronic in Marrakech. This two underground electronic music festivals had a lot in common, but as well differentiated a lot from each other. My contribution as a visual jockey was to adapt to specific stage setups: Dekmantel festival main stage had an 80 meters long half curved LED wall, and at Atlas Electronic the main stage was an amphitheater with a terracotta wall on which the visuals were projected. Through working as an VJ assistant for the dutch light artist, Arnout Hulskamp at Dekmantel festival I understood the time factor related to space. The animations had to have an impact on the LED wall, but as well for the audience. One clip couldn't just cross the 80 meters in 2 seconds–it needed to be perceived almost in the physical sense. My first encounter of the physical characteristics of the light was at Atlas Electronic festival, where I projected a white cone and through the smoke it created a tunnel between the lens of the projector and the display wall. This discovery lead me to a new fascination of how can I encompass more spatial illusions and dissorientation by only using three main elements such as a dark space, light and smoke. I set this idea into practice during my audiovisual performance in a vault of a bank in Eindhoven, where I projected only vertical and horizontal lines into the space and controlled the right amount of smoke, so suddenly the graphical lines transformed into physical space dividers. To my biggest surprise the audience started to interact with the light beams and wanted to touch them while dancing. During this performance there were moments, when I created total darkness in the space by turning off the projector totally, and at climax moments, when the DJ dropped the beat I turned on on full brightness. The audience experienced different visual stimuli from excitement till anxiety. This made me realise that I would like to explore more the power of light on human perceptions and to understand the contemporary fear.
-Since the antiquity humans were fascinated by light and it’s illusionary characteristics, as illustrated by the metaphor of '''Plato’s Cave'''. Around the fifteenth century, perspective and '''camera obscura''' were invented and since then this spatial depiction has become the norm to all other visual representations. Joost Rekveld writes in 2007 the following about these discoveries: 'Perspective was accepted as a ‘scientific’ and true method based on optics, but also as a model of how people could observe space. Gradually people realised that perspective was mostly about a way of looking at reality.' 3
 <br>
+When we talk about phantasmagorias it is important to underline its immersive characteristics and its significance for the field of media art by citing the words of the German art historian and media theoretician, Oliver Grau: ‘The phantasmagoria can be understood as a media principle that suggests that contact can be made with the psyche, the dead, or artificial life forms. It is therefore necessary to expand McLuhan’s theory. Addressing emotions and paranormal human experiences with magical means stems from the insecurity produced by the technological utopia.’ 4 (Grau, 2007)
 <br>
-Towards the end of nineteenth century non-euclidian geometry was discovered by mathematicians such as Friedrich Gauss,  Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, Janos Bolyai and this brought up the concept of the fourth dimension, the concept of time in relationship with space.
 <br>
+The digital developments of the twentieth century brought mankind new spatial perception such as Cyberspace. ‘This space appears to be real and at the same time not geometric or not real in any physically determined way. We use completely new concepts to visualise or understand this space: rhizomes, networks consisting of nodes without any hierarchy.’ 5 (Rekveld, 2007) In 1970 the Artist Dan Graham coined the term “cyberspace” by this he meant a space which is meditated through the feedback technology of video tape; It was Graham who – 11 years before William Gibson used it – coined the term “cyberspace” to describe the new inter-subjective technological space created by the interaction of humans within a video mediated circuit” 6 (William Kaizer, 2008)
 <br>
-Movement and light became an important motivation for the artists and designers from Bauhaus such as Laszlo Moholy-Nagy.
 <br>
+After the millennium humans desired new understandings of spatial concepts – a hybrid space of the physical and virtual. These psychical environments build by digital components such as custom made softwares, sensors, digital interactions, where the digital merges with the physical, creating an infinite interwoven feedback loop. Human senses are triggered by these elements, while creating new sensory experiences. These have been deeply researched and experimented by scientists and cybernetic artists in 1950’s such as Gordon Pask with his Musicolour performances, who described it, the performer “trained the machine and it played a game with him. In this sense, the system acted as an extension of the performer with which he could cooperate to achieve effects that he could not achieve on his own”. 7 (Gordon, 1971)
 <br>
-The digital developments of the twentieth century brought mankind new spatial perception such as Cyberspace. 'This space appears to be real and at the same time not geometric or not real in any physically determined way. We use completely new concepts to visualise or understand this space: rhizomes, networks consisting of nodes without any hierarchy, etc.' 3 (Rekveld, 2007)
-In 1970 the Artist Dan Graham coined the term “cyberspace” by this he meant a space which is meditated through the feedback technology of video tape; It was Graham who –11 years before William Gibson used it  – coined the term “cyberspace” to describe the new inter-subjective technological space created by the interaction of humans within a video mediated circuit” 4 (William Kaizer, 2008)
-Bateson's media ecology puts on display the ways in which formats limit communication, exposing how the techno-social context of communica- tion is as relevant as any content. In a similar way, in 1964 Marshall McLuhan announced that "the medium is the message." But if McLuhan takes technologi- cal formats to be "extensions of man," Bateson goes further. He gives up any notion of man, redefining the self as an expanded mental field in which the sub- ject and its objects are no longer separable. For Bateson, "mind" is no longer bounded by the individual body, becoming a conjunction of self and world produced through communicative ecologies. 5 (William Kaizer, 2008)
 <br>
+Reflecting on the work by the artist Brion Gysin and William S. Burrough’s “system adviser” Ian Sommerville the Dreamachine, inspired and created after reading the book by the British neurophysiologist William Grey Walter, ‘The Living Brain’. Gysin, Burrough and Sommerville achieved new neurological aftereffects by using the dual structure of the shifting afterimage and �fickering interruption to produce a virtually experienced moving image, the perceptual cell embodies what theorist Friedrich Kittler called the two “theoretical conditions of cinema” that have occupied both scientists and philosophers of vision since the nineteenth century and that preceded the development of �film technology. 8 (Gadassik, 2016) Through the technology phantoms were not anymore visible outside, rather inside of the human brain.
 <br>
-After the millenium humans desired new understandings of spatial concepts as called '''‘post-digital spaces’'''. These are psychical spaces build by digital components such as custom made software, sensors, digital interaction, where the digital merges with the physical, creating a hybrid environment. Human senses are triggered by these elements, while creating new sensory experiences, which have been deeply researched and experimented by scientist and artist in 1960’s such as James Turrell in his Ganzfeld Effect spaces.
-Our everyday life is deeply interwoven with screens and interfaces therefor there is a tendency and desire to break out of them.
 <br>
+'''Who can help you and how?'''
 <br>
+PZI staff: Javier Lloret (LED), Steve Rushton (Theory)
 <br>
-'''Who can help you and how?'''
+Children of the Light: Arnout Hulskamp, Christopher Gabriel (LED)
 <br>
-PZI staff: Javier Lloret (LED), Steve Rushton (Theory)
+Sound:frame: Eva Fischer (Theory)
 <br>
-Children of the Light: Arnout Hulskamp, Christopher Gabriel (LED)
+Sound design: Sebastien Robert (Sound)
 <br>
-Sound:frame: Eva Fischer (Theory)
+Sound technology: 4D Soundsystem (Sound)
 <br>
 <br>
 '''Relation to a larger context'''
+Eigengrau could be positioned in the field of the crossover of media art and technology while following the tradition of artists such as James Turrell, Anthony McCall, United Visual Artists and festivals such as Ars Electronica, Japan Media Arts Festival, Atonal Berlin.
-roiji ikeda
 <br>
-james turrel
 <br>
-nonotak
-<br>
-joris strijbos
-<br>
-uva
-strp biennale
-<br>
-atonal berlin
-<br>
-mutek montreal
-<br>
-ctm festival
-<br>
-todaysart
-<br>
-china light festival
-<br>
-ars electronica
-<br>
-sonic acts
-<br>
-algorave
-<br>
-live coding culture
-<br>
-algorithms from nature
-<br>
-<br>
 '''References'''<br>
 [[User:Zalán Szakács/reading|Reading]]