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| == '''Article 1:''' In the Facebook era, will printed yearbooks survive? - Daniel Dern (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://www.betaboston.com/news/2014/05/23/in-the-facebook-era-will-printed-yearbooks-survive/
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| '''Notes''':
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| *One historical school ritual of graduating, getting a copy of the yearbook.
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| *What is the influence of the Web and in particular social media like Facebook and Instagram on the traditional printed yearbook?
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| *Pro print: More special feeling having a paper copy, you can sign a paper copy, not a an electronic one. Social media is nice fot the present, but I don't think social media is good enough for memories. You don't usually look at posts froma year ago. In 20 years I doubt I'll look back at any posts on social media from eight grade.
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| *Yearbooks disappear more and more. Decrease because of lack of interest, shifting to digital format (websites, mobile apps). Yet yearbook show being resilient for example by incorporation digital aspects. Yearbook with URLs, QR-codes etc, so people can continue their yearbook experience online. Also there are now more short-run versions (instead of hundreds of the same yearbook), so this is more magazine format with specific theme or group (band, sports teams etc). Schools seem to decline yet other niches are making yearbooks (day care, pre-school, kindergarten etc.).
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| *Also inclusion of personal pages/pictures in the yearbook.
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| *Yearbook is/used to be big business.
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| *Yearbook shows photos and stories of students of a school. The can incorporate information about different subgroups in the school like sports teams.
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| == '''Article 2:''' The Future of the Venerable Yearbook - Susan Smith (2013) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://cmreview.org/the-future-of-the-venerable-yearbook/
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| '''Notes''':
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| *While the college yearbook may no longer be published on many campuses, others embrace new technology and ways of doing business.
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| *In the last 18 years number of printed college yearbooks in the US dropped from 2400 in 1995 to about 1000 todat according to a 2010 survey.
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| *Causes: Rising publishing costs and social media.
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| *However, Orlick (president of the personalized yearbook company) stresses yearbooks are still an important part of the college experience for several reasons, including being physical representations of students’ alma maters and the time they spent there. Such physical representations, he said, can aid university and college fund-raising as well as strengthen connections among alumni.
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| *Nostalgic feeling of a yearbook.
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| *Johnson wrote, in part: “College yearbooks have been slowly disappearing as campuses expand and diversify and students’ lives move online, away from paper records of their college memories. The thick volumes can cost as much as $100 each at a time when some students have difficulty paying for textbooks.”
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| *Marcia Meskiel-Macy: Yearbooks, she said, offer a different aesthetic than the digital world can ever provide. “Students don’t understand the value at all of being able to pick something up 20 or 30 years from now".
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| == '''NEWS FLASH:''' School Officials Defend Altered Yearbook Photos - NBC NEWS CHANNEL - Nkoyo Iyamba (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/watch/nbc-news-channel/school-officials-defend-altered-yearbook-photos-270419523663 (video)
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| '''Notes''':
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| *Student Shelby Baum's photo is adjusted in the yearbook.
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| *From V-neck to square-neck shirt not because of the fashion but because of the statement the photo edit convey.
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| *Tattoo was covered. (I'm enough the way I am)
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| *Felt being ashamed, upset because the tattoo had a very personal meaning to her. (to overcome child abuse).
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| *Double standard, girl school teams can wear more revealing clothes, yet the portrait pictures are edited.
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| *student: I feel they are pushing their preferences on us as students without our permission.
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| *School wanted to have more appropriate representations. Their was a sign that told students that school dress standards would be enforced. Tank tops, low cut tops, inappropaite slogans on shirts etc would not be allowed. If a student violated this policy, the sign told them explicitly that the photos may be edited to correct the violation.
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| == '''Article 3:''' Utah teens shocked to see altered yearbook photos - Annie Knox & Brady McCombs (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://news.yahoo.com/utah-teens-shocked-see-altered-yearbook-photos-054255904.html
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| '''Notes''':
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| *Some students at Wasatch High School cracked their yearbooks this week to find more than tiny touchups: digital alterations including cap sleeves on their tank tops, raised necklines and in one case, a vanished tattoo.
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| *Never heard from officials that they violated the dress code.
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| *With the digital changes, "I feel like they're shaming you, like you're not enough, you're not perfect," sophomore Shelby Baum said Thursday. Baum's collarbone tattoo reading "I am enough the way I am" was lifted from her photo. She also discovered a high, square neckline drawn onto her black V-neck T-shirt.
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| * Other students whose photos were doctored said the pictures squelched their right to express their style, and made them feel singled out because school officials have been inconsistent in enforcing the standards.
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| *"When I show my grandchildren, I'm gonna be like, 'Yeah, I went to a high school where we weren't allowed to be who we were,'" said sophomore Rachel Russell.
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| *An estimated two-thirds of Utah residents belong to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which encourages members to practice modesty in how they dress. For women, that includes covering bare shoulders and avoiding low-cut shirts and short skirts and shorts.
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| *The guidelines stem from a belief that bodies are sacred gifts from God, and that God commands people to be chaste.
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| *The Wasatch School District dress code mentions modesty twice: "Clothing will be modest, neat, clean, in good repair. Modesty includes covering shoulders, midriff, back, underwear and cleavage at all times."
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| *Other Utah districts say they regularly send students home if they show up for yearbook pictures dressed inappropriately, and give them an option to come back for another shoot. They say they do not do alter the photos.
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| *Holly Mullen, executive director of the Rape Recovery Center in Utah, said the altered photos are an example of cultural shaming of young women into believing they must dress and act a certain way.
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| *Recently, schools in Illinois and Utah have banned leggings because they are too revealing. In San Francisco, a Catholic high school earlier this month apologized to a student and her family for refusing to include a portrait of the girl wearing a tuxedo in its yearbook.
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| == '''Article 4:''' Students say altered yearbook photos meant to shame them - Erin Alberty (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://archive.sltrib.com/story.php?ref=/sltrib/news/58000870-78/baum-photos-montoya-yearbook.html.csp
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| '''Notes''':
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| *A group of female high school students in Wasatch County say their school took "modesty" standards too far when their yearbook photos were digitally altered to cover up skin.
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| *To find sleeves and higher necklines drawn onto their images.
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| *"I am enough the way I am. My tattoo was a huge thing in my life. For them to cover that up? They should inform me first. They never said anything to me."
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| *The standards for the photo edits didn't match the school's dress code, Montoya and Baum said. Both have worn their pictured tops to school many times, they said.
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| *The photos also weren't edited consistently, Montoya and Baum said. Some girls had sleeves added to their shirts; others' tank tops were untouched. Only girls were retouched, no guy photos.
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| *Montoya said the retouched photos reflect a school culture where modesty standards are wielded to "humiliate" girls. Another girl wore the same skirt without reprimand, while Montoya was ordered to change into sweatpants emblazoned with the words, "I support Wasatch High dress code." You walk around all day in the sweats, and it's all eyes on you," Montoya said.
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| * People know you got dress-coded, that something about you was immodest. They look at you like, 'You done wrong.' If my parents felt OK and I felt OK about [my clothes], it should have been fine. I know there should be restrictions, but [the school] pushes it to the limit. ... Every time I walk into that school, I feel judged.
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| *Baum said drawing over girls' skin is insulting. I feel like they're trying to shame you of your body," Baum said. People wear [the same clothes] every day. But in the yearbook, they're trying to fix you."
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| == '''Article 5:''' Utah high school 'learned lessons' after altering yearbook photos of girls - Samantha Varvel (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://www.foxnews.com/us/2014/05/31/utah-high-school-learned-lessons-after-altering-yearbook-photos-girls.html
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| '''Notes''':
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| *Wasatch High School principal Shawn Kelly stopped short of saying the school had erred, but told Fox News things may change in the future.
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| *“We’ve learned some lessons as to how to handle this better,” Kelly said.
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| *Wasatch High students and graduates say the practice has been going on for years. Montoya said she was “shocked and upset” when she first saw her photo in the yearbook. “I was never notified my blouse was inappropriate and was never informed that it was going to be changed.”
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| *According to Nielsen, many girls were “humiliated” by the noticeably altered photos they found of themselves in the yearbook. “They could have had us change or do re-takes,” she said. “It looks ridiculous.”
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| *Parents were not happy with the changes, either. Tricia Burgener, Nielsen’s mother, said she was upset because she sees her daughter leave for school each morning and feels she dresses appropriately every day, including on photo day. One of the student’s parents has reportedly already begun to seek legal action by hiring an attorney.
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| *Wasatch County School District released a statement that said students were informed by way of a sign near the studio that if they did not comply with the school’s dress code, their photos could be subject to editing.
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| *Yet none of the girls remember seeing any such sign or recall being warned that their photo could be changed. In fact, after the photos were taken, students were given the opportunity to examine their photos before they were submitted to the yearbook. Nielsen and Montoya approved their photos, which were unaltered at the time.
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| *The alterations made to the yearbook photos were not consistent from student to student; shoulder coverings were added to one female student’s sleeveless denim vest, while another student wearing an almost identical vest was left untouched. Nielsen said she felt her personal group of friends had been specifically singled out.
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| *“It’s like they targeted certain social groups,” Nielsen said of the yearbook committee. “They’re picking and choosing certain people--whoever they want.”
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| *The statement addressed and apologized for the variance in editing. “The high school yearbook staff did make some errors and were not consistent in how they were applied to student photos,” the statement read. “The school apologizes for that inconsistency.”
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| == '''Article 6:''' Utah school apologises to students for digitally altered yearbook photos - The Guardian (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/03/utah-school-apologises-yearbook-photos
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| '''Notes''':
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| *Some Utah high school students who cracked their yearbooks to find sleeves digitally added to their tank tops and a tattoo erased say school officials have apologized to them.
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| *Wasatch High School administrators in recent days offered at least one student the chance to return her yearbook and get back her $50.
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| *Baum earlier said she planned to ask for a refund or a new yearbook with an unaltered photo, but she changed her mind at her mother's urging.
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| *At the very least, said Baum's mother, Bobbi Westergard, the doctored photos can remind the girls they spoke out against a policy that singled out some students.
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| *"The high school yearbook staff did make some errors and were not consistent in how they were applied to student photos," it reads, "and the school apologizes for that inconsistency."
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| *The teens said their biggest concern is preventing such edits in future years.
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| == '''Article 7:''' Altered Yearbook Photos at Utah High School Spark Controversy - Elisha Fieldstadt (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jun/03/utah-school-apologises-yearbook-photos
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| '''Notes''':
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| *A Utah high school's decision to airbrush yearbook photos of girls who were “in violation of the dress code" has students, parents and rape-recovery advocates dismayed.
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| *Without notice to add sleeves to tank tops, raise necklines and in one case, cover up a student’s tattoo. No portraits of male students were doctored, The Associated Press reported.
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| *I feel like they’re trying to shame you of your body.
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| *Baum’s mother, Bobbi Westergard, contends the school covered skin on some girls in the photos and left the photos of girls in similar outfits unaltered. "There’s really not any rhyme or reason to why they chose the girls they chose to edit and who they left alone," Westergard said.
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| *Wasatch officials admitted the yearbook staff wasn't “consistent” about outfits they decided to amend, and apologized for the oversight.
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| *However, the school maintains that students in violation of the dress code “received warnings about inappropriate dress.”
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| *Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which encourages members to dress modestly in support of the belief that God commands people to be chaste.
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| *Haylee Nielsen, a 15-year-old sophomore, told the AP that students who aren't Mormon can feel out of place at the school, adding that there is a big push for conservative attire.
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| *The Wasatch School District dress code prompts students to dress modestly, stipulating that “modest” dress “includes covering shoulders, midriff, back, underwear and cleavage at all times.” The dress code also prohibits inappropriately short, tight, or revealing shorts, skirts, dresses, tank tops, halter or crop tops and spaghetti straps.
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| In a statement issued by the Rape Recovery Center on Thursday, Mullen said that the type of action the school took to cover what they considered immodest clothing sends the message that responsibility lies with women to prevent men from acting in sexually inappropriate ways.
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| *“It angers me, cause I feel like they’re trying to tell the girls the way you dress influences how people think about you,” Montoya said.
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| *Rape victims often “blame themselves for wearing the wrong clothing or somehow encouraging men to rape them through their reckless behavior,” the statement said.
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| *“Short skirts and bare arms do not cause rape. Rapists cause rape.”
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| == '''Article 8:''' Wasatch High officials’ “modesty shaming” of female students is outrageous - Stephany Murguia (2014) ==
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| Retrieved: 25 march 2016
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| Source: https://raperecoverycenter.org/news/wasatch-high-officials-modesty-shaming-of-female-students-is-outrageous/
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| '''Notes''':
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| *This action with no apparent consultation, just unacceptable. It is a keen example of how our culture, and especially those in power to make such random decisions, shame young women into thinking they must dress and act in one narrow, acceptable way said Holly Mullen, RRC executive director.
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| *News broke on Wednesday that Wasatch High School officials had photoshopped yearbook photos of selected girls they believed wore immodest clothing in the pictures. Bits of tattoos were covered; short sleeves magically enshrouded bare arms.
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| *Mullen added that such seemingly kind and paternal behavior reinforces a general theme in society that women must be controlled and directed, so as not to inflame male sexual appetites. It is the type of thinking that objectifies women and ultimately leads to sexual assault.
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| *What is more personal than their clothing choices? This is not about setting school dress codes, which schools certainly have the right to do. These were photos the girls paid for, yearbooks they bought with their own money. This is a public school, supported with tax dollars.”
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| *They almost always blame themselves for wearing the wrong clothing or somehow encouraging men to rape them through their reckless behavior. Short skirts and bare arms do not cause rape. Rapists cause rape.
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