User:Pleun/grad/ProposalProject

"The most powerful influence was exerted neither by individual speeches nor by articles or flyers, posters or flags; it was not achieved by things which one had to absorb by conscious thought or conscious emotions. Instead Nazism permeated the flesh and blood of the people through single words, idioms and sentence structures which were imposed on them in a million repetitions and taken on board mechanically and unconsciously."

– Victor Klemperer, The Language of the Third Reich: LTI—Lingua Tertii Imperii: A Philologist’s Notebook, trans. Martin Brady (London: Bloomsbury, 2013 (1957)), 11, 15.

Project Proposal

This is a shortened version. The extended (and still developing) text can be found here. I'm really trying to keep this version short, but I do struggle to do so.

Online Culture Wars

Contemporary fascism, misogyny, and extreme right ideologies are cultivated in online forums collaboratively. Alt-Right and Leftists ideology is framed with terminology found in nihilist meta-memes and forum-posts which are rapidly evolving and duplicating. The online enthusiasts are creating an impassable forest where normies (translation: "normal", mainstream people) will easily get lost. Right conservatism and left-wing socialism are reformed with new styles of media-usage, propaganda, and focus of ideology. The Alt-Right is reappropriating everything from entire subcultures to transgression formerly part of the socialist left strategy, is bullying their way to domination and is coining term after term to shape their moral bible.

Three main groups can be distinguished in these online culture wars. On the right: (1) The Alt-Right and (2) the Manosphere (who is overlapping the Alt-Right), and on the left with less specific terminology: (3) The Social Justice Warriors / Tumblr Feminists / Gender Politics Activists. The right-wing side is currently determining the discourse in both online and offline politics.

I want to to give a quick note on that I will refer to the Right in the rest of this proposal as both containing the Alt-Right and the Manosphere groups as they are both opposing the new feminist, politically correct Left. The Alt Right is politically active, while the Manosphere not yet. Both fear the decline of western civilization. The Manosphere believes feminism will be the main cause of this decline and are therefore extremely misogynist. The Alt-Right believes the influence of other cultures and races will be the cause and is therefore extremely xenophobic and antisemitic. Both are interested in strategically fighting for conserving and enhancing what in their view are the pillars and morals of western civilization.

It is of importance to look at the why and how they shape their ideology. I believe the jargon created by the Alt-Right is not only capturing the core of their ideology, framing their reality, but also deliberately used to form an inclusive group that mystifies outsiders. I want to give a few examples of this jargon to show you what kind of terms are used and how vastly it is interwoven with their vocabulary.

Jargon

Every key point in their ideology is mirrored in their vocabulary. These words they coin frame their reality and convince and pull in new members. The way they view their "enemies", themselves and society could be understood by looking at this jargon. They have a term for people who believe in their version of reality and the people who don't (see example 2), which makes them not only aware their version differs from the mainstream. I want to give a quick insight in their world by giving two examples of jargon words, and one example of a paragraph full of jargon written on a popular forum that I will translate into normie-English (mainstream English). I will use the forum the Red Pill, used by the Manosphere, a group of men who believe feminism will ultimately cause the decline of western civilization. Their focus is regaining their power on "The Sexual Marketplace" to restore conservative pre-feminist order.

Example 1, term: "cuck"
One term is well described below by Nina Power (Nina Power is a cultural critic, social theorist, philosopher and translator. She is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Roehampton University). She describes the word "cuck" used by the Alt-Right and Manosphere to refer to men who are not only not right-wing, but also not "masculine" (in jargon: not Alpha) enough. She calls the language of the Alt-Right "The New Brutality" and is next to Angela Nagle (Angela Nagle is a writer and researcher, studying for a PhD in internet cultures as a government of Ireland IRCHSS scholar in the Department of Communications at Dublin City University.) one of the most relevant sources I've found when reading critical theory on the Alt-Right.

"To focus on a particular word from this lexicon, perhaps an overly obvious one, that sums up the racist, sexist, vicious tendency of the language and imagery of the New Brutality, one need look no further than the word “cuck.” From the old French word for “cuckoo” (“cucu”), this go-to insult captures a whole host of overwhelmingly male anxieties. In porn, a cuck is someone who stands by while his female partner has sex with another man (often black). In its current usage (sometimes expanded to “cuckservative”), the original meaning is preserved and politicized: cucks are effeminate conservatives who concede to liberal values, “emasculated” by their own cowardice and enjoying their own degradation. To be a “cuck” is to be screwed over, a victim of women and other men, sexually and economically."

– The Language of the New Brutality, Nina Power, e-flux http://www.e-flux.com/journal/83/141286/the-language-of-the-new-brutality/

In this description of the word cuck, the context of the word is of less importance than the usage itself. In whichever context it is used, it is meant as a specific insult that contains a specific ideal about men, which might have slight variations but a similar overall message: "this person is less masculine and less far right than he should be". The popularity (frequency) is of importance (as it tells us how widespread this idea is) even as the person it is directed towards.

Example 2, term: "The Red Pill, Red-Pilled, TRP"
The second example is a piece of jargon used to describe "enlightened" members of the in-crowd within the far Right and the Manosphere. It is also the name of one of its key forums, subreddit: "The Red Pill". Members are "red-pilled", "RP" or "took the red pill". Born from a scene from the 1999 movie The Matrix, it has been used as a metaphor for "true" version versus a "fake" version of reality ever since.

"This is your last chance. After this there is no turning back. You take the blue pill: the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill: you stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes."

– Morpheus, The Matrix, 1999

This example differs from the first as this one contains dictionary words, which makes it a lot harder to catch. The only way to filter out these terms would be strategically by counting how many times words and word-combinations have been used on the forum. Also filtering via text minus another text, without this jargon, could be used. It will be a challenge catching these terms through code.

Example 3, a paragraph from a subreddit
I took this paragraph from the subreddit The Red Pill to illustrate their way of writing. On this particular forum, the use of correct grammar and spelling is appreciated, which makes the texts fairly well-written. This posts was categorized as "RANT/VENTING" and has (as of today, 23th of NOV) 20 comments. The author "ImHereForThisSub" is fairly new to the forum, with only one month of joining Reddit and reading TRP theory and posts.

"Even spinning plates its hard to get away
from scarcity mentality when you land a high SMV"

"23 years old, new to TRP, rAFC maybe a month into reading the subreddit and books. Just recently got out of a 3.5y LTR about a month and a half ago, and I've started spinning some plates. Been with 4 girls in the last two weeks, so pretty content with the volume I've been getting. I got with a new plate Friday night, but earlier in the night I gamed an older woman (really just being friendly) at the bar I was at. Long story short, she told me she had a daughter my age that wasn't out and gave me her daughter's number. Saturday night this girl (HB9) was at my house! Absolutely crazy story, but the point of it is that I can't get this girl out of my head. Friday night plate even just hit me up to come over tonight and I turned her down. All I want to do is text HB9 to come over again and do her dirty, but I'm afraid that if I text her I am just giving in to scarcity mentality, seeming needy and pandering to my old AFC ways. I already texted her Sunday night to hang out again and it didn't work out logistically.

I'm going to hold out and wait until she texts me -- I already know its what you guys would recommend, and I'm sure she will text me by the end of the week or weekend. I think my issue is I don't have other plates that have as high of a SMV as her."

– ImHereForThisSub, The Red Pill, https://www.reddit.com/r/TheRedPill/comments/78k1s9/even_spinning_plates_its_hard_to_get_away_from/

Translation:

"Even sleeping with different women its hard to get away
from scarcity mentality when you land a high Sexual Market Value"

"23 years old, new to The forum The Red Pill, recovering average frustrated chump maybe a month into reading the subreddit and books. Just recently got out of a 3.5y Long Term Relationship about a month and a half ago, and I've started sleeping with different women. Been with 4 girls in the last two weeks, so pretty content with the volume I've been getting. I got with a new woman I only sleep with Friday night, but earlier in the night I gamed an older woman (really just being friendly) at the bar I was at. Long story short, she told me she had a daughter my age that wasn't out and gave me her daughter's number. Saturday night this girl (Hot Bitch, 9 out of 10) was at my house! Absolutely crazy story, but the point of it is that I can't get this girl out of my head. Friday night plate even just hit me up to come over tonight and I turned her down. All I want to do is text Hot Bitch, 9 out of 10 to come over again and do her dirty, but I'm afraid that if I text her I am just giving in to scarcity mentality, seeming needy and pandering to my old Average Frustrated Chump ways. I already texted her Sunday night to hang out again and it didn't work out logistically.

I'm going to hold out and wait until she texts me -- I already know its what you guys would recommend, and I'm sure she will text me by the end of the week or weekend. I think my issue is I don't have other woman I only sleep with that have as high of a Sexual Market Value as her."

– ImHereForThisSub, The Red Pill, https://www.reddit.com/r/TheRedPill/comments/78k1s9/even_spinning_plates_its_hard_to_get_away_from/

The jargon used in the paragraph above all link to core ideas within the Manosphere. They function to link theory to practice but also seem to hide the most extreme parts of the texts. When the texts get pure misogynistic, emotional (shame, anger, lust, frustration) or personal jargon is used. A lot of the terms are abbreviated to make them even more unrecognizable. Referring to woman as "plates" is an easy example of how jargon is used to de-humanize, objectify.

Almost all terms are non-dictionary because of the abbreviations, except for the "spinning plates", which would be hard to catch with code.

Proposal

I think there is only one effective way left to diminish the growth and influence of this group. We need to demand constant demystification and clarification. The ironic and nihilistic memes and jargon function as a smokescreen not only between those who affiliate themselves with this group but also between them and outsiders. It is hard to distinguish those sincere and those only trolling and there for the "lulz".

"Journalists should be saying, ‘I don’t want to talk about Pepe memes and hand signs. Tell me what are the limits of what you’re prepared to do’. We should force them to talk about what they really stand for."

– Angela Nagle, quoted in Wilson, “Hiding in Plain Sight.” https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/23/alt-right-online-humor-as-a-weapon-facism

I would like to help this demystification and clarification of the words used by the Alt-Right through in the first place highlighting them, and if possible translating them from jargon to general language. I would like to poke some holes in the walls of the echo chamber. The "echo chambers" I will include in my project will be a few of the Alt-Rights most influential forums on the internet where this jargon is created and evolves into parts of ideology. With a script that scrapes the web, I will gather text written by Alt-Rightists and filter out jargon in the hopes of translating it with the help of Urban Dictionary. I'm proposing to build this metaphorical door with the help of Natural Language Processing and Pattern, a Python library, which would help me not only filter out jargon (with the least amount of noise I can manage), but also look at the tone of the text, the popularity of the specific jargon, and the difference between Alt-Right and Leftist texts.

My goals are:

• to demystify and clarify terms used by influential extreme right-wing groups online.
• to stimulate communication and discussion about this subject in order to inform and reform people around me.
• to "Observe, study and memorize what is going on", a quote by Victor Klemperer on the importance of looking at the language of Nazism shortly after the second world war:

“Observe, study and memorize what is going on—by tomorrow everything will already look different, by tomorrow everything will already feel different; keep hold of how things reveal themselves at this very moment and what the effects are.”

– Victor Klemperer, The Language of the Third Reich: LTI—Lingua Tertii Imperii: A Philologist’s Notebook, trans. Martin Brady (London: Bloomsbury, 2013 (1957)), 10.

The second part of the project would be to publish this data in a manner that it actually either could be used for further investigation or could be used to stimulate discussion and understanding in my own left-wing circles. The question is if that would be completely offline, online or a combination of the two. I will first publish the data online, where I gather and process it. The goal is to make it readable enough to create a deeper understanding of their reality.

Then if I feel it serves the project I want to look at possibilities to take the data offline. This step of taking the data offline might be best taken as a continuation of the project after this masters.

At the moment I'm at the stage where I have an HTML page with the scraped posts and I'm turning data into terms using the "bag of words"-model. My next step is to start filtering the jargon.

"We need to think much more carefully about the word-images that surround us, to make distinctions between the way violence is described and presented, and not think that all images are equally interchangeable. We need to remember all the words and ways of speaking we have forgotten, and note the way in which certain words, such as “cuck,” come to dominate our ways of speaking and thinking."

– The Language of the New Brutality, Nina Power, e-flux http://www.e-flux.com/journal/83/141286/the-language-of-the-new-brutality/

Main interests and questions

• Framing of reality in online echo chambers
• Collective creation of an ideology online

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• from online echo chambers to actual political power
• possible physicality of online spaces

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• How is offline politics influenced by the online culture war?
• Can I break an online echo chamber by taking its ideology offline, leaving a physical trace?
• How can I stimulate discussion (poke a few holes in the online echo chamber) between sides?
• EDIT---> There is a lot of discussion already, but its not helping.
• How are language and image used in online culture to shape ideology?

"The emergence of the Alt-right should warn us of a now imminent nightmare vision of what the coming years might hold—a public arena emptied of any civility, universalist ideas or openly competing political visions beyond a zero-sum tribal antagonism of identity groups, in which the boundaries of acceptable thought will shrink further while the purged will amass in the fetid forums of the Alt-right."

–Angela Nagle, “What the Alt-Right is all about,” Irish Times, Jan 6, 2017

Research Method

I want to create a dynamic dictionary of the language of the right side of the online culture wars, namely of the Alt-Right and the Manosphere. For now focussing on the main Manosphere forum on Reddit: Reddit/theredpill. When I achieve this dynamic dictionary I want to look for ways to open up discussion, maybe by leaving physical/public traces, that would function to create some friction or different sounds in the online echo chambers.

STEP 1

I first want to research the broad scope of the culture wars, which will be the basis of my knowledge and thesis.
I will do this by:

• reading theory, about the current situation, past uprisings of nationalism, extremism, subculture and media theory (see bibliography)
• taking notes (short descriptions of ideology, bios of actors, links between actors, online habitats)
• visiting talks/lectures, watching documentaries
• gathering media (Alt-Right websites, social networks, forums, yt channels)
• writing this proposal and especially the extended version of it, which overlaps with my thesis.

STEP 2

The implementation and part-creation of a tool that will gather jargon on (a) main right-wing forum(s), through Pattern (a Natural Language Processing library in Python), because of my believe this jargon captures the core of their ideology. I will focus on Reddits subforum The Red Pill first, and then on 4chans subforum /pol/ second. I believe those are two of the most highly influential subforums in the Manosphere and the Alt-Right media-bubble.

I plan to use text scraping to scrape the forum and then start to filter out content so I would be left with non-dictionary words. I could use a text minus text method, where you, for instance, extract all the words used in a New York Times article, from the words used in a forum thread. Then I also want to look at which words, nouns/adjectives are used most, maybe if they are used in a positive or negative way. Next, I can also look at sentiment. Is a text negative or positive and to which standards? The difficulty of a text could be tested with the Flesch/Kincaid Readability Test, where word-length, syllables and sentence length are taken into account.

Online Culture Wars – STEP 2: tool, lexicon

STEP 3

Publishing the research in a manner that aids general understanding and triggers discussion. The first and direct way is doing that online, which will be the way of publishing during the research of STEP 2. Depending on the results of publishing it online I will look at possibilities of publishing offline.

"The neoliberal project to destroy the public sphere meets the hate networks of the internet, and it is these “identity groups” who will, unless things change radically, take to the streets: these spaces now also made to be places of ambiguity—privatized, unevenly securitized and surveilled—where IRL is increasingly constructed by virtual belongings."

–http://www.e-flux.com/journal/83/141286/the-language-of-the-new-brutality/

Online Culture Wars – STEP 3: publish

Timeline

I would still like to look at the possibility to graduate earlier than June. Possibly February. If you don't think this is in any way possible because of projects current state, I will have to look at my financial (and mental) situation to see if a later graduation is possible.

Step 1:
Mapping of the Alt-Right that will form the basis of the research/my knowledge/my thesis: 06 NOV – 26 NOV

Step 2:
The Tool: 13 NOV – 31 DEC

Step 3:
Publishing: DEC, January, February

Relation to practice

• I was researching the online subculture of Vaporwave when the culture got reappropriated and was involved in an online culture war, by the alt-right. Since the campaign of Donald Trump, I've been interested and appalled by the growth of this group. With my last project I've attempted to explore the escapist feeling I – and people around me – had after the election.

Bibliography

Mapping out the online culture wars, with the help of:

HAVE READ/WATCHED:

• The book Kill All Normies, Angela Nagle
• The Red Pill Documentary
• Aesthetics of Fascism, a talk by Nina Powers Aesthetics of Fascism
• Kill All Normies, a talk by Angela Nagle (Author), Constanteyn Roelofs (GeenStijl) en Zihni Özdil (GroenLinks)
• https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/angela-nagle-what-the-alt-right-is-really-all-about-1.2926929
• http://www.e-flux.com/journal/83/141286/the-language-of-the-new-brutality/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_aFo_BV-UzI
• https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/the-alt-right-movement-everything-you-need-to-know-1.2924658
• https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/may/23/alt-right-online-humor-as-a-weapon-facism
• https://www.vox.com/identities/2017/8/19/16152166/sexualized-fascism-nazisploitation-alt-right
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZAPwfrtAFY

NEED TO READ/WATCH:

• Klaus Theweleit – Male Fantasies Volume 2, Male Bodies: Psychoanalyzing the White Terror
• Victor Klemperer – Language of the Third Reich – LTI – lingua-tertii-imperii
• The authoritarian personality (1950) – Theodor W Adorno