User:Emily/RW&RM/Trimester 02/03

The Work of Culture in the Age of Cybernetic Systems

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Intro
Benjamin’s text published in 1936, when film was still young; while Nichol’s was published in 1988, when video games and other simulation media were young. Within this text, Nichol will discuss this shift from fetishisation of the object to fetishisation of the process of interaction, of simulation. With some examples of simulation to video games and genetic engineering, it reveals ideology becomes more clearly a subject.

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Cybernetic systems include an entire array of machines and apparatuses that exhibit computational power., which all exhibit a capacity to process information and execute actions. The computer is an icon and a metaphor symbolising the entire spectrum of networks, systems and devices. With in the article Nichol contrast characteristics of cybernetic systems with those of mechanical reproduction and establish a central metaphor to help to understand these cybernetic systems, and prompt the question that how this metaphor acquires the force of the real. The work of culture will be discussed in focus

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Mechanical Reproduction Film Culture 

What at the heart of the change in mechanical reproduction that effects the work of art is impossibility of reproducing its authenticity. It emancipates art from its parasitical dependence on ritual, and turn to a new basis in politics, especially for Benjamin. The possibilities for