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=Key Themes =
=Key Themes =


  systems
  exploits
  freedom/control
  power relations
  tactical media
  autonomy
  subversion
  citizenship
  playfullness
  intervention
  trolling
  collaboration
  research
  in
  no
  particular
  order


= Annotations of Contextualizing Texs =


'''Annotation Control / Freedom by Jeniffer Chun'''
[[File:beard.gif]]


The end of the Cold War was the triumph of the free: the Free World, Free Market and Free circulation of information. These triumphs have all been linked to technology. However in doing so we attribute  causality to technology and freedom to control technologies.
= Descriptions of previous work =


In this process Internet was conflated with cyberspace to be sold as a tool freedom. For by it's technological design it could not be censored. By allowing for seeming anonymous communications people would be freed from the limitations of their bodies. Especially those of race, class and sex. Next to that the internet promised to break media monopolies.
=== Open Drugs ===


The rhetoric of the internet as freedom was also accompanied by rumors of the internet as a control structure. Citing capabilities by governments to listen in to communications and corporations of following our every move with cookies.
Open Drugs is a database intervention, concluding an investigation into what people might find to be the 'limits' of open-sourcing. If knowledge becomes freely distributed and accessible, at what point do people become uncomfortable? What knowledge should and what knowledge shoudln't be open-sourced?


The question whether it's a tool of control or a tool of freedom is a misguided one that stems form a paranoid response to power. This paranoia emerges from reducing political problems into technological ones. A reduction that blinds us from realising both how these technologies work and fail to work. And thus that the freedom and control the internet enables are not complete.
Using recreational synthetic drugs as a case study we wondered if it would be possible to open-source the production process of XTC, and what the effect of that would be. During the investigation we discovered that in practice the same mechanics applied to the creation and improvement of chemical recipes for drugs as they did to to open collaborative software building. The 'code' is shared through online platforms, incrementally improved by users and made available to all in the community. The technology for making these drugs was in fact already open-sourced.  


As an example: the client-server model of the WWW is as much a cultural construction as a technological one.
To communicate this fact we added the Open Hardware logo to existing pills and had these tested at several free test labs throughout the country. By having the pills tested they got registered as existing pills on the market, thus Open Drugs officially exists.


The internet as a surveillance device is the obverse, not the opposite of the internet as an agency-enhancing technology. The one requires the other.  
[[File:Od-pills2.jpg | 500px ]]


=== Telewar ===


Telewar is an ongoing research project by The Force of Freedom and Dave Young on the topic of drone warfare. The project was initiated in november 2012 during a three week residency at Upominki in Rotterdam. The result of the residency was a self-published booklet containing an heavily illustrated essay. In it we try to make some sense of the drone warfare phenomenon by looking at how the users of military UAVs represent themselves both officially and unofficially. This is done by examining places, images or artifacts where an official and regulated narrative on drones intersects with with a more spontaneous and uncensored one. Examples include public facebook profiles of UAV squadrons, the online second hand market for drone-related insigna and offical documents conerning the topic.


= Other =
The latest iteration of the project consists of two film loops. One is a taxonomy of UAV uniform patches. In this film a collection of patches is categorized and classified into four distinct topics, animals, flight hours, mythology and the earth as a grid. By making this taxonomy and studying the symbols for their connotation and their history the viewer gets a better insight in how UAV operators view themselves and the world. The second film is a lexicon of drone terminology. By juxtaposing military jargon with images it tries to scrutinize the pentagon euphemisms that are used to talk about UAVs and the Global War on Terror.


== Bitcoin & The Crash ==
http://www.the-force-of-freedom.com/telewar/images/upo3.png


Hello Nettimers,
=== Traceroute mapping ===


“We have elected to put our money and faith in a mathematical framework that is free of politics and human error,” Tyler Winklevoss said.[1]
The traceroute mapping was a research into the political nature of the internet's infrastructure using the so-called traceroute programme, that traces all the different servers one's data passes as one surfs the web. Trough tracingrouting my own browsing history and comparing all the adresses with a GeoIP database I was able to determine through which countries my data was routed. This information was then mapped into diagrams providing me with a very chaotic though insightful picture.
[[File:1_week_browsing.png |thumb| One week of browsing, one of the first visualizations. ]]


Bitcoin has been framed by proponents, like the one quoted above, as the ultimate decentralized and politically neutral currency. However, to me, the recent bubble and it's (partial) burst serve to underline the fallacy the techno-utopian mindset behind projects like this one. The believe that setting the right technical parameters will 'free us of human error' and that systems grounded in mathematics are free of politics.
= Annotations of Contextualizing Texts =


I have made two observations about Bitcoin I would like to share with the list that I believe support my opinion.
[[User:Roelroscama/R,W%26RM3/Control_Freedom_Annotation | Control and Freedom by Wendy Hui Kyong Chun]]


'''Centralized exchange markets'''
= Self-written texts that I find usefull to explain practice =


By design the creation (mining), storage and transfer of Bitcoins happens in a decentralized fashion. The recent bubble however has shown that in order for people to liquidify their Bitcoin assets they are extremely dependent on just a handful of centralized exchange markets. One of the biggest of these online exchange markets, Mt. Gox, claims it controls 80% [1] of the market.
=== [http://www.the-force-of-freedom.com/images/The%20Force%20of%20Freedom%20Telewar%202012.pdf Telewar text] ===


As the bitbubble burst it became painfully clear how dependent on Mt.Gox Bitcoiners exactly are. Also, it showed the extent of Mt. Gox's influence on the value of the currency. The crash that devaluated Bitcoins from $260 to around 100$ dollars was caused by the failure of Mt. Gox's online trade infrastructure. The exact cause of the crash is speculation but it is believed to have been caused either through an orchestrated ddos, technical failure or the sheer amount of server requests caused by a bank run of panicked investors.[2]
See [[User:Roelroscama/R,W%26RM3#Telewar | above]]


The catalyst role of Mt.Gox in the burst and it's subsequent suspension of trade for 'market cool down' illustrate the extent of influence that centralized structures have within this supposedly decentralized network.
=== [http://pzwart3.wdka.hro.nl/wiki/User:Roelroscama/R,W%26RM2#Web_Dichotomies Web Dichotomies] ===


'''Mining Guilds'''
Some notes on the contradictions that manifest itself trough the internet. It's at the same time  Empowering/Controlling, WorldWide/American, Public Space/ Market Place, Physical/Cloud.


I would also like to point out the emergence of so-called mining guilds or mining pools. In these pools individual Bitcoin miners join a centralized organization to share equally in the proceeds of mining, guaranteeing a somewhat stable income for it's participants.
=== [[User:Roelroscama/R,W%26RM3/BC |  comment on Bitcoin]] ===


One could argue that these centralized guilds have also been 'designed' into the Bitcoin system. Bitcoin miners are rewarded according to a first to come first to serve model. The miner that discovers the next viable batch of Bitcoins gets to have them all. In the early days of bitcoin this could be easily done by individuals. However the mining of Bitcoins becomes  more difficult due to the finite amount of Bitcoin. Mining requires increasing amounts computing power, superseding the capabilities of decentralized individuals. For mining to remain profitable in these circumstances miners cluster into pools to share both in computing power and mining proceeds.
a post I made to a discussion on the nettime list


As a result, the roughly 30 mining guilds have become the biggest producers of Bitcoins [4][5] In the face of even more difficult mining in the future it is not unlikely that we will end up with a handful of guilds in control of all the production. However, the 30 guilds involved in the production of Bitcoin have already acquired the ability of injecting large amounts of new currency into the market and thus influence it's course. This makes mining guilds de-facto capable of operating as the central banks that Bitcoin believers so strongly oppose to.
= [[User:Roelroscama/R,W%26RM3/Writing_Machines | Writing Machines]]=
 
To come back to the Tyler Winklevoss quote at the beginning of this text. We can see how the design of Bitcoin as a mathematical framework does not make it free of politics. For in it's design it also contains certain (unconscious) political ideas about society that are grounded in anarcho-capitalism. The mathematical framework has thus for not shown to be capable of preventing the extremely quick formation of potentially disruptive monopolies in a system that was designed to be neutral and decentralized.
 
The idea that setting the right technical parameters will remove the necessity for supervision and accountability is thus incorrect. For we are witnessing the appearance of cartels and monopolies that could have never been formed in a properly regulated market. Bitcoin as such will not work to empower the individual and free him from centralized power, instead Bitcoin serves to create new centralized power structures that are unregulated, opaque and unaccountable. Although Bitcoin as a system does not free us from human error and on the contrary even facilitates it, donations are welcome on 1u2VMeVbDpWKUQx8cLSMtLUCTSAUfoz7q
 
;)
 
Roel
 
[1] http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/04/11/as-big-investors-emerge-Bitcoin- gets-ready-for-its-close-up/
 
[2] https://mtgox.com/press_release_20130404.html
 
[3] https://twitter.com/MtGox/status/322355614414147588
 
[4] https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Comparison_of_mining_pools
 
[5] http://blockorigin.pfoe.be/chart.php

Latest revision as of 08:07, 1 July 2013

Key Themes

 systems
 exploits
 freedom/control
 power relations
 tactical media
 autonomy
 subversion
 citizenship
 playfullness
 intervention
 trolling
 collaboration
 research
 in 
 no
 particular
 order


Beard.gif

Descriptions of previous work

Open Drugs

Open Drugs is a database intervention, concluding an investigation into what people might find to be the 'limits' of open-sourcing. If knowledge becomes freely distributed and accessible, at what point do people become uncomfortable? What knowledge should and what knowledge shoudln't be open-sourced?

Using recreational synthetic drugs as a case study we wondered if it would be possible to open-source the production process of XTC, and what the effect of that would be. During the investigation we discovered that in practice the same mechanics applied to the creation and improvement of chemical recipes for drugs as they did to to open collaborative software building. The 'code' is shared through online platforms, incrementally improved by users and made available to all in the community. The technology for making these drugs was in fact already open-sourced.

To communicate this fact we added the Open Hardware logo to existing pills and had these tested at several free test labs throughout the country. By having the pills tested they got registered as existing pills on the market, thus Open Drugs officially exists.

Od-pills2.jpg

Telewar

Telewar is an ongoing research project by The Force of Freedom and Dave Young on the topic of drone warfare. The project was initiated in november 2012 during a three week residency at Upominki in Rotterdam. The result of the residency was a self-published booklet containing an heavily illustrated essay. In it we try to make some sense of the drone warfare phenomenon by looking at how the users of military UAVs represent themselves both officially and unofficially. This is done by examining places, images or artifacts where an official and regulated narrative on drones intersects with with a more spontaneous and uncensored one. Examples include public facebook profiles of UAV squadrons, the online second hand market for drone-related insigna and offical documents conerning the topic.

The latest iteration of the project consists of two film loops. One is a taxonomy of UAV uniform patches. In this film a collection of patches is categorized and classified into four distinct topics, animals, flight hours, mythology and the earth as a grid. By making this taxonomy and studying the symbols for their connotation and their history the viewer gets a better insight in how UAV operators view themselves and the world. The second film is a lexicon of drone terminology. By juxtaposing military jargon with images it tries to scrutinize the pentagon euphemisms that are used to talk about UAVs and the Global War on Terror.

upo3.png

Traceroute mapping

The traceroute mapping was a research into the political nature of the internet's infrastructure using the so-called traceroute programme, that traces all the different servers one's data passes as one surfs the web. Trough tracingrouting my own browsing history and comparing all the adresses with a GeoIP database I was able to determine through which countries my data was routed. This information was then mapped into diagrams providing me with a very chaotic though insightful picture.

One week of browsing, one of the first visualizations.

Annotations of Contextualizing Texts

Control and Freedom by Wendy Hui Kyong Chun

Self-written texts that I find usefull to explain practice

Telewar text

See above

Web Dichotomies

Some notes on the contradictions that manifest itself trough the internet. It's at the same time Empowering/Controlling, WorldWide/American, Public Space/ Market Place, Physical/Cloud.

comment on Bitcoin

a post I made to a discussion on the nettime list

Writing Machines