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| '''The Ruling Class and the Ruling Ideas---> Marx and Engels:'''
| | * [[User:Yoana_Buzova/R&W/cultural_hegemony|Cultural Hegemony]] |
| | | * [[User:Yoana_Buzova/R&W/Frankfurt_School|Frankfurt School]] |
| Marx and Engels state that society is dominated by a ruling class, that is in possession of both material production and intellectual power.The ruling class executes the ruling ideas. However, by attributing these ideas an "independent" existence, this is elaborately covered. The illusion is possible because ideas are separated from those who rule and given a certain feeling of “mysticism”. This creates the deception that ideology and philosophy are separated from politics .
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| '''Gramsci | History of the Subaltern Classes, The Concept of "Ideology", Cultural Themes: Ideological Material '''
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| Ruling classes are historically united in the State. Subaltern classes are not unified until they “become” State. The strive to unify results in building up new parties .Subaltern groups fail to unite because they lack own history and get entwined in the history of the ruling class. Social groups seek supremacy by “domination” and “intellectual leadership” but actually adopt ruling ideas, accept them as common sense and do not question their function. They transform into ideology rather than serving the interests of the ruling class.
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| Gramsci traces the term ideology to the "science of ideas". He analyses is it as a form of superstructure. He makes a distinction between arbitrary and "historically organic" ideologies.
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| Gramsci emphasises how all forms of media shape and mold ideology. Only by understanding the ruling class, only then could resistance apply.
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| '''my definition of cultural hegemony:''' A complex superstructure that serves the ruling class, thus creating an ever-lasting loop of very well distributed and incorporated in life ideas that feed back to it, i.e. they serve it.
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