User:Zuhui/๐Ÿ‘€/Keywords for Radicals: Difference between revisions

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ย  '''Nature and Resource:''' defining "nature" as "resources" transforms nature from it's existance into usable and manipulable units.
ย  '''Nature and Resource:''' defining "nature" as "resources" transforms nature from it's existance into usable and manipulable units.
ย  '''Social Identity:''' like race, gender, and class are shaped into distinguishable social units through naming. E.g. the term "consumer" defines an individual not just as a person but as a unit in specific economic activities, manipulable and targeted for economic purposes.
ย  '''Social Identity:''' like race, gender, and class are shaped into distinguishable social units through naming. E.g. the term "consumer" defines an individual not just as a person but as a unit in specific economic activities, manipulable and targeted for economic purposes.
===๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” = ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์„ฑ===
*No guarantee that change(in real life) is positive
*Word changes and transformation of Labor in the context of Post-Fordism
*Social media and labor
*Importance of linguistic controversies
โ†˜๏ธŽ๋ช…์นญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ: ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ "ํŽœ์Šค"์™€ "๋ฒฝ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์นญ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ , ๊ทธ ํŽœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์ . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŽœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ† ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํƒˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด "ํŽœ์Šค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋“ , "๋ฒฝ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ช…์นญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ. ์ด๋Š” ๋ช…์นญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์ .
<blockquote>
When taken seriously, they can foster the development of coherent strategic lines and increase the impact of our political interventions. By honing in on these points of conflict, it becomes possible to uncover the social contradictions that find expression, as Williams observed, โ€œwithin languageโ€ (1983, 22). '''Indeed, because โ€œearlier and later sensesโ€ of words often โ€œcoexistโ€ within a single moment of enunciation, words themselves can often come to signal โ€œactual alternativesโ€ through which โ€œproblems of . . . belief and affiliation are contestedโ€''' (1983, 22). On this point, Williams comes close to the position advanced by feminist poet Adrienne Rich, who, in her 1971 poem โ€œThe Burning of Paper Instead of Children,โ€ recounted how '''โ€œa language is a map of our failures.โ€'''
</blockquote>

Latest revision as of 14:20, 1 December 2024

The Emperor's New Clothes

neither static nor extrinsic to power

Words attain meaning through the history of their usage, and these histories contain traces of the struggle not only to name but also to create the world.

  • ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๋งฅ๋ฝ, ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์น˜์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
For example, the word "freedom" carries different meanings in different contexts (colonial independence, economic freedom, individual rights). Just as Donald Trump's notion of freedom differs from Martin Luther King Jr.'s, the concept varies depending on who uses it and for what purpose.


Naming has historically been a war zone

  • ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ธฐ(๋ช…๋ช…)๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ์ด๋‹ค.
Deciding who gets to name something and how it is named reflects underlying power dynamics and systems of control. For example, debates over place names(such as colonial-era names versus post-independence names) shows conflicts over power and identity, as seen in the case of Bombay versus Mumbai in India, Gyeongseong versus Seoul in Korea.


the attribution of names takes the undifferentiated whole and parses it into discrete and maniยญpulable units, the evolution of word usage tends to correspond with developยญments in what Marx called โ€œthe productive forces.โ€ As Raymond Williams noted, โ€œordinary, everyday languageโ€ is โ€œdirectly subject to historical developmentโ€ (1980, 50).

  • ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. โ†’ ์ด๋ฅผํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ „์ฒด(๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค)๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ณ , ์กฐ์ž‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ(ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹)
Economy and Labor: by assigning the name "labor," human activities are transformed from acts of survival into measurable and controllable units of production. This becomes the foundation for systems in capitalist economies to buy and organize labor as a resource.
Nature and Resource: defining "nature" as "resources" transforms nature from it's existance into usable and manipulable units.
Social Identity: like race, gender, and class are shaped into distinguishable social units through naming. E.g. the term "consumer" defines an individual not just as a person but as a unit in specific economic activities, manipulable and targeted for economic purposes.


๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” = ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ๋™์‹œ์„ฑ

  • No guarantee that change(in real life) is positive
  • Word changes and transformation of Labor in the context of Post-Fordism
  • Social media and labor
  • Importance of linguistic controversies

โ†˜๏ธŽ๋ช…์นญ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ: ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ "ํŽœ์Šค"์™€ "๋ฒฝ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ช…์นญ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ , ๊ทธ ํŽœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ง€์ . ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํŽœ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ† ์ง€ ์ˆ˜ํƒˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด "ํŽœ์Šค"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋“ , "๋ฒฝ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋“  ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋ช…์นญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฐจ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ. ์ด๋Š” ๋ช…์นญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์ .

When taken seriously, they can foster the development of coherent strategic lines and increase the impact of our political interventions. By honing in on these points of conflict, it becomes possible to uncover the social contradictions that find expression, as Williams observed, โ€œwithin languageโ€ (1983, 22). Indeed, because โ€œearlier and later sensesโ€ of words often โ€œcoexistโ€ within a single moment of enunciation, words themselves can often come to signal โ€œactual alternativesโ€ through which โ€œproblems of . . . belief and affiliation are contestedโ€ (1983, 22). On this point, Williams comes close to the position advanced by feminist poet Adrienne Rich, who, in her 1971 poem โ€œThe Burning of Paper Instead of Children,โ€ recounted how โ€œa language is a map of our failures.โ€