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'''A selection of optical toys as shown in Werner Nekes' 1985 documentary 'Was geschah wirklich schwischen der Bildern', in order of appearance '''
'''A selection of optical toys as shown in Werner Nekes' 1985 documentary 'Was geschah wirklich zwischen den Bildern?', in order of appearance'''


[[Image:00:00:17]]
[[image:nekes_00.17.jpg|thumb]]  


A selection of (optical) toys as seen in Werner Nekes' 'Was geschah wirklich schwischen den Bildern?', in order of appearance.
== Mirrors ==


== Mirrors ==
[[Image:nekes_07.49.jpg|border|400px]]


[[Image:nekes_07.49.jpg]]
[[Image:nekes_07.58.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_07.58.jpg


00:07:49
00:07:49
'Anamorphosis - cone and cilinder mirrors - have been painted since the 17th century'
 
''Anamorphosis - cone and cilinder mirrors - have been painted since the 17th century''


== Shadow play ==
== Shadow play ==


nekes_09.39.jpg
[[Image:nekes_09.39.jpg|border|400px]]


00:09:39
00:09:39
'The oldest form of the artistic use of light is the shadowplay


nekes_10.23.jpg
''The oldest form of the artistic use of light is the shadowplay...''
 
[[Image:nekes_10.23.jpg|border|400px]]


00:10:23
00:10:23
'These scissorcuts derived from the Chinese shadowplay


nekes_11.25.jpg
''These scissorcuts derived from the Chinese shadowplay''
 
[[Image:nekes_11.25.jpg|border|400px]]


00:11:25
00:11:25
'Hand shadows are still a popular game'


nekes_11.38.jpg
''Hand shadows are still a popular game''
 
[[Image:nekes_11.38.jpg|border|400px]]


00:11:38
00:11:38
'In 1678, van Hoogstraten ran his own shadow theatre'


nekes_12.22.jpg
''In 1678, van Hoogstraten ran his own shadow theatre''
 
[[Image:nekes_12.22.jpg|border|400px]]


00:12:22
00:12:22
'Miniature mechanical shadow theatre scenes were also very popular'
 
''Miniature mechanical shadow theatre scenes were also very popular''


== Ombro cinema ==
== Ombro cinema ==


nekes_13.39.jpg
[[Image:nekes_13.39.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_14.08.jpg
 
nekes_14.13.jpg
[[Image:nekes_14.08.jpg|border|400px]]
 
[[Image:nekes_14.13.jpg|border|400px]]
 
00:13:39


00:13:39 'The ombro cinema, a shadow theatre of 1915, animates the shadows by conceiling and reveiling the different phases of movement behind black bars'
''The ombro cinema, a shadow theatre of 1915, animates the shadows by conceiling and reveiling the different phases of movement behind black bars''


== Mechanical projection discs ==
== Mechanical projection discs ==


nekes_20.04.jpg
[[Image:nekes_20.04.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_20.10.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_20.10.jpg|border|400px]]
 
00:19:59


00:19:59 'This scientific disc simulates the complicated movements of the planetary movements in the solar system'
''This scientific disc simulates the complicated movements of the planetary movements in the solar system''


== Peepshows ==
== Peepshows ==


nekes_29.11.jpg
[[Image:nekes_29.11.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_29.28.jpg
 
nekes_29.50.jpg
[[Image:nekes_29.28.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_30.08.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_29.50.jpg|border|400px]]
 
[[Image:nekes_30.08.jpg|border|400px]]


00:29:05
00:29:05
'The peepshow was being developed from perspective boxes and miracle cabinets. In the 17th century, showman began to travel in Europe, presenting their spectacles.'
 
''The peepshow was being developed from perspective boxes and miracle cabinets. In the 17th century, showman began to travel in Europe, presenting their spectacles.''


== Scrolling panorama ==
== Scrolling panorama ==
[[Image:nekes_35.58.jpg|border|400px]]


00:35:43  
00:35:43  
'Panorama of a trip from Hamburg to Luttener. The double-length panorama by Zoër (?) was seven centimeters high and high meters long'
 
''Panorama of a trip from Hamburg to Luttener. The double-length panorama by Zoër (?) was seven centimeters high and high meters long''


== Theatre of perspective ==
== Theatre of perspective ==


nekes_38.17.jpg
[[Image:nekes_38.17.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_38.22.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_38.22.jpg|border|400px]]


00:38:17
00:38:17
'Around 1700, Martin Engelbrecht from Alsburg constructs his theatre of perspective. He explores the sense of depth within the spacial dimensions of an image'
 
''Around 1700, Martin Engelbrecht from Alsburg constructs his theatre of perspective. He explores the sense of depth within the spacial dimensions of an image''


== Stereoscopy ==
== Stereoscopy ==


nekes_43.41.jpg
[[Image:nekes_43.41.jpg|border|400px]]


00:43:41  
00:43:41  
'In 1838, Winston invented the mirror stereoscope'


nekes_43.49.jpg
''In 1838, Winston invented the mirror stereoscope...''
 
[[Image:nekes_43.49.jpg|border|400px]]


00:43:49  
00:43:49  
'In 1849, Brewster the lens stereoscope'


nekes_46.50.jpg
''In 1849, Brewster the lens stereoscope''
 
[[Image:nekes_46.50.jpg|border|400px]]


00:46:50  
00:46:50  
'3D glasses for anaglyphs and for polarized images'
''3D glasses for anaglyphs and for polarized images''


== The afterimage effect ==
== The afterimage effect ==


nekes_48.15.jpg
[[Image:nekes_48.15.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_48.24.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_48.24.jpg|border|400px]]


00:48:15  
00:48:15  
'A demonstration of the afterimage effect - the family has been looking at the red devil for a long while, then they look at the ceiling where they can see the devil's afterimage in its complementary color: green
 
''A demonstration of the afterimage effect - the family has been looking at the red devil for a long while, then they look at the ceiling where they can see the devil''s afterimage in its complementary color: green.''


== The thaumatrope ==
== The thaumatrope ==


nekes_51.46.jpg
[[Image:nekes_51.46.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_51.47.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_51.47.jpg|border|400px]]


00:51:45
00:51:45
The thaumatrope, or miracle disc, was invented in England by doctor John Erten Paris (?), in 1826


nekes_52.45.jpg
''The thaumatrope, or miracle disc, was invented in England by doctor [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ayrton_Paris John Ayrton Paris], in 1826''
 
[[Image:nekes_52.45.jpg|border|400px]]


00:52:45
00:52:45
Two sets of half-letters, which, added together, say "Hab Mich Lieb"
 
''Two sets of half-letters, which, added together, say "Hab Mich Lieb" ''


== Lens-prism animation ==
== Lens-prism animation ==


nekes_56.24.jpg
[[Image:nekes_56.24.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_56.25.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_56.25.jpg|border|400px]]


== The designoscope ==
== The designoscope ==


nekes_1.00.08.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.00.08.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.02.12.jpg


The designoscope - two mirrors meet at an angle of 60 degrees, as in the kaleidoscope, and produce an infinite variaty of patterns
[[Image:nekes_1.02.12.jpg|border|400px]]
 
01:00:08
 
''The designoscope - two mirrors meet at an angle of 60 degrees, as in the kaleidoscope, and produce an infinite variaty of patterns''


== The phenakistoscope ==
== The phenakistoscope ==


nekes_1.02.41.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.02.41.jpg|border|400px]]


01:02:41
01:02:41
Inspired by Faradays wheel, Joseph Plateau in Brussels and Simon Stampfer (?) in Vienna, invent the phenakistoscope independently of one another in 1832. Stamphe called it the stroboscope. In England it was known as the phantascope. This disc demonstrates continuous movement for the first time.
 
Inspired by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraday_Wheel Faradays wheel], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Plateau Joseph Plateau] in Brussels and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_von_Stampfer Simon von Stampfer] in Vienna, invent the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenakistoscope phenakistoscope] independently of one another in 1832. Stampfer called it the stroboscope. In England it was known as the phantascope. This disc demonstrates continuous movement for the first time.


A selection of discs:
A selection of discs:
nekes_1.02.49.jpg
 
nekes_1.02.57.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.02.49.jpg|border|400px]]
 
[[Image:nekes_1.02.57.jpg|border|400px]]


== The zoetrope ==
== The zoetrope ==


nekes_1.03.08.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.03.08.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.03.31.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_1.03.31.jpg|border|400px]]


01:03:08
01:03:08
In 1833, Horner invented the gelileo (?), later called the zoetrope, or wheel of life. Here, the phases of movement are also seen as an infinite loop through the slits'
 
''In 1833, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_George_Horner Horner] invented the Daedalum, later called the zoetrope, or wheel of life. Here, the phases of movement are also seen as an infinite loop through the slits''


A selection of strips:
A selection of strips:


nekes_1.03.21.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.03.21.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.03.25.jpg
 
nekes_1.03.46.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.03.25.jpg|border|400px]]
 
[[Image:nekes_1.03.46.jpg|border|400px]]


== The praxinoscope ==
== The praxinoscope ==


nekes_1.03.55.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.03.55.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.05.03.jpg
 
nekes_1.05.14.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.05.03.jpg|border|400px]]
 
[[Image:nekes_1.05.14.jpg|border|400px]]


01:03:55
01:03:55
In 1877, Emile Renaud (?) built his praxinoscope, where you see the images in the mirrors. The function of the dark space in between the slits is taken over by the angle of the mirror at which it is set up.


Two years later he succeeded in showing the moving image within a scene, which is in fact a mirror reflection.
''In 1877, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Reynaud Émile Reynaud] built his praxinoscope, where you see the images in the mirrors. The function of the dark space in between the slits is taken over by the angle of the mirror at which it is set up.''
 
''Two years later he succeeded in showing the moving image within a scene, which is in fact a mirror reflection.''


In 1880, he managed to project his moving images.
''In 1880, he managed to project his moving images.''


A selection of strips:
A selection of strips:
nekes_1.05.18.jpg
 
nekes_1.05.46.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.05.18.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.05.52.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_1.05.46.jpg|border|400px]]
 
[[Image:nekes_1.05.52.jpg|border|400px]]


== Myriorama ==  
== Myriorama ==  


nekes_1.07.04.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.07.04.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.07.13.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_1.07.13.jpg|border|400px]]


01:07:04
01:07:04
The myriorama, the show of the ten thousands. A panaroma in stripes which brings a new image in vertical montage.
 
''The myriorama, the show of the ten thousands. A panaroma in stripes which brings a new image in vertical montage.''


== Movement-producing grids ==
== Movement-producing grids ==


nekes_1.12.13.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.12.13.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.12.56.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_1.12.56.jpg|border|400px]]


== The flip book ==
== The flip book ==


nekes_1.13.34.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.13.34.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.13.51.jpg
 
[[Image:nekes_1.13.51.jpg|border|400px]]


00:13:34  
00:13:34  
The painter Lautenberg is reputed to have created the first flip book, or thumb cinema, in 1760. Leaving through the book creates the illusion of movement
 
''The painter Lautenberg (?) is reputed to have created the first flip book, or thumb cinema, in 1760. Leaving through the book creates the illusion of movement.''


== The Kinora ==
== The Kinora ==


nekes_1.14.07.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.14.07.jpg|border|400px]]
nekes_1.14.09.jpg
 
nekes_1.14.29.jpg
[[Image:nekes_1.14.09.jpg|border|400px]]
 
[[Image:nekes_1.14.29.jpg|border|400px]]


00:14:07
00:14:07
In 1898, the brothers Lumiere built the Kinora, three years after their first film shows
 
In 1898, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumière the brothers Lumiere] built the Kinora, three years after their first film shows.

Latest revision as of 16:04, 22 February 2012

A selection of optical toys as shown in Werner Nekes' 1985 documentary 'Was geschah wirklich zwischen den Bildern?', in order of appearance

Nekes 00.17.jpg

Mirrors

Nekes 07.49.jpg

Nekes 07.58.jpg

00:07:49

Anamorphosis - cone and cilinder mirrors - have been painted since the 17th century

Shadow play

Nekes 09.39.jpg

00:09:39

The oldest form of the artistic use of light is the shadowplay...

Nekes 10.23.jpg

00:10:23

These scissorcuts derived from the Chinese shadowplay

Nekes 11.25.jpg

00:11:25

Hand shadows are still a popular game

Nekes 11.38.jpg

00:11:38

In 1678, van Hoogstraten ran his own shadow theatre

Nekes 12.22.jpg

00:12:22

Miniature mechanical shadow theatre scenes were also very popular

Ombro cinema

Nekes 13.39.jpg

Nekes 14.08.jpg

Nekes 14.13.jpg

00:13:39

The ombro cinema, a shadow theatre of 1915, animates the shadows by conceiling and reveiling the different phases of movement behind black bars

Mechanical projection discs

Nekes 20.04.jpg

Nekes 20.10.jpg

00:19:59

This scientific disc simulates the complicated movements of the planetary movements in the solar system

Peepshows

Nekes 29.11.jpg

Nekes 29.28.jpg

Nekes 29.50.jpg

Nekes 30.08.jpg

00:29:05

The peepshow was being developed from perspective boxes and miracle cabinets. In the 17th century, showman began to travel in Europe, presenting their spectacles.

Scrolling panorama

Nekes 35.58.jpg

00:35:43

Panorama of a trip from Hamburg to Luttener. The double-length panorama by Zoër (?) was seven centimeters high and high meters long

Theatre of perspective

Nekes 38.17.jpg

Nekes 38.22.jpg

00:38:17

Around 1700, Martin Engelbrecht from Alsburg constructs his theatre of perspective. He explores the sense of depth within the spacial dimensions of an image

Stereoscopy

Nekes 43.41.jpg

00:43:41

In 1838, Winston invented the mirror stereoscope...

Nekes 43.49.jpg

00:43:49

In 1849, Brewster the lens stereoscope

Nekes 46.50.jpg

00:46:50 3D glasses for anaglyphs and for polarized images

The afterimage effect

Nekes 48.15.jpg

Nekes 48.24.jpg

00:48:15

A demonstration of the afterimage effect - the family has been looking at the red devil for a long while, then they look at the ceiling where they can see the devils afterimage in its complementary color: green.

The thaumatrope

Nekes 51.46.jpg

Nekes 51.47.jpg

00:51:45

The thaumatrope, or miracle disc, was invented in England by doctor John Ayrton Paris, in 1826

Nekes 52.45.jpg

00:52:45

Two sets of half-letters, which, added together, say "Hab Mich Lieb"

Lens-prism animation

Nekes 56.24.jpg

Nekes 56.25.jpg

The designoscope

Nekes 1.00.08.jpg

Nekes 1.02.12.jpg

01:00:08

The designoscope - two mirrors meet at an angle of 60 degrees, as in the kaleidoscope, and produce an infinite variaty of patterns

The phenakistoscope

Nekes 1.02.41.jpg

01:02:41

Inspired by Faradays wheel, Joseph Plateau in Brussels and Simon von Stampfer in Vienna, invent the phenakistoscope independently of one another in 1832. Stampfer called it the stroboscope. In England it was known as the phantascope. This disc demonstrates continuous movement for the first time.

A selection of discs:

Nekes 1.02.49.jpg

Nekes 1.02.57.jpg

The zoetrope

Nekes 1.03.08.jpg

Nekes 1.03.31.jpg

01:03:08

In 1833, Horner invented the Daedalum, later called the zoetrope, or wheel of life. Here, the phases of movement are also seen as an infinite loop through the slits

A selection of strips:

Nekes 1.03.21.jpg

Nekes 1.03.25.jpg

Nekes 1.03.46.jpg

The praxinoscope

Nekes 1.03.55.jpg

Nekes 1.05.03.jpg

Nekes 1.05.14.jpg

01:03:55

In 1877, Émile Reynaud built his praxinoscope, where you see the images in the mirrors. The function of the dark space in between the slits is taken over by the angle of the mirror at which it is set up.

Two years later he succeeded in showing the moving image within a scene, which is in fact a mirror reflection.

In 1880, he managed to project his moving images.

A selection of strips:

Nekes 1.05.18.jpg

Nekes 1.05.46.jpg

Nekes 1.05.52.jpg

Myriorama

Nekes 1.07.04.jpg

Nekes 1.07.13.jpg

01:07:04

The myriorama, the show of the ten thousands. A panaroma in stripes which brings a new image in vertical montage.

Movement-producing grids

Nekes 1.12.13.jpg

Nekes 1.12.56.jpg

The flip book

Nekes 1.13.34.jpg

Nekes 1.13.51.jpg

00:13:34

The painter Lautenberg (?) is reputed to have created the first flip book, or thumb cinema, in 1760. Leaving through the book creates the illusion of movement.

The Kinora

Nekes 1.14.07.jpg

Nekes 1.14.09.jpg

Nekes 1.14.29.jpg

00:14:07

In 1898, the brothers Lumiere built the Kinora, three years after their first film shows.