User:Tancre/Prototyping/AI: Difference between revisions
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== Sections == | == Sections == | ||
*Knowledge Representation and Reasoning | |||
*Automated Planning and Scheduling | |||
*Machine Learning | |||
**Computer Chess | |||
[[User:Tancre/Prototyping/AI/ELIZA | ELIZA]] | ::>> NNS <br> | ||
::[https://www.chessprogramming.org/NSS chess programming wiki] | |||
* Natural Language Processing (NLP) | |||
** Chatbots | |||
::[[User:Tancre/Prototyping/AI/ELIZA | ELIZA]] | |||
*Computer Vision | |||
*Robotics | |||
*Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) | |||
== Brief Historical Context == | == Brief Historical Context == | ||
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1940 '''COMPUTER SCIENCE''' >> first Turing-complete computers <br> | 1940 '''COMPUTER SCIENCE''' >> first Turing-complete computers <br> | ||
1948 Shannon - 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', '''Information theory''' <br> | 1948 Shannon - 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', '''Information theory''' <br> | ||
1948 '''CYBERNETICS''' >> Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine | 1948 '''CYBERNETICS''' >> Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine <br> | ||
1950 '''ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE''' >> Turing - 'Computing machinery and intelligence', '''Turing test''' <br> | 1950 '''ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE''' >> Turing - 'Computing machinery and intelligence', '''Turing test''' <br> | ||
1959 Samuel - 'Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers' - '''Machine Learning''' | 1959 Samuel - 'Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers' - '''Machine Learning''' <br> | ||
1966 Weizenbaum - '''ELIZA''', first '''chatbot''' in '''natural language processing (NLP)''' systems <br> | 1966 Weizenbaum - '''ELIZA''', first '''chatbot''' in '''natural language processing (NLP)''' systems <br> | ||
== Books & Articles == | == Books & Articles == | ||
Turing - Computing machinery and intelligence (1950)<br> | |||
Dreyfus - Alchemy and AI (1965) <br> | |||
Weizenbaum - ELIZA, a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine (1966)<br> | |||
<small>'''to read'''</small> <br> | |||
Turing - [http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aikmitr/papers/Turing.pdf The essential Turing] <br> | Turing - [http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aikmitr/papers/Turing.pdf The essential Turing] <br> | ||
Dreyfus - What Computers Can't Do (1972; 1979; 1992) / Mind over Machine (1986) <br> | |||
Asimov - Robot series (three laws of robotics + zeroth law) <br> | Asimov - Robot series (three laws of robotics + zeroth law) <br> | ||
Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine <br> | |||
Shannon - A Mathematical Theory of Communication | |||
Latest revision as of 11:13, 15 April 2019
AI - Artificial Intelligence
- automaton(animatronics/mechatronics/robotics/robot/android)
- computer science
- Logic (formal reasoning) + Philosophy of mathematic + Analytic Philosophy
- cryptography (secure communication)
Sections
- Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
- Automated Planning and Scheduling
- Machine Learning
- Computer Chess
- >> NNS
- chess programming wiki
- >> NNS
- Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- Chatbots
- Computer Vision
- Robotics
- Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
Brief Historical Context
Ancient Greece
- Mythology Hephaestus /Pygmalion / Dedalus (Talos/Pandora/Galatea) // relation between Hephaestus and Dedalus + sphinx as a talking statue
- Aristotel - 'Organon' syllogistic logic, first attempt to rappresent logic operators in linguistic symbols + Antikythera mechanism, oldest analogue computer
13th century
- Talking heads
- Raimond Llull
15th century
- Gutenberg - Invention of printing (1456 Gutenberg Bible)
- Clocks
17th century
1666 Leibniz - 'Ars combinatoria', symbolic logic
19th century
1822 Babbage - 'Note on the application of machinery to the computation of very big mathematical tables', Difference Engine
1837 Babbage - 'On the Mathematical Power of the Calculating Engine', Analytical Engine
1843 Lovelace - first published algorithm
1847 Boole - 'Mathematical Analysis of Logic', Boolean logic (Boolean algebra, Binary logic)
1847 De Morgan - 'Formal Logic', De Morgan's law
Pierce
Peano
1884 Frege - 'Foundation of Arithmetic'
20th century
1913 Russell, Whitehead - 'Principia Mathematica'
1920 Hilbert - Hilbert's program
1921 Wittgenstein - 'Tractatus-logico philosophicus'
1928 Hilbert - Entscheidungsproblem
1931 Göedel - incompletness theorem, impossibility to prove the Hilbert's program and to clarify the foundation of mathematics
1936 Church, Turing - Church-Turing thesis, impossibility to solve the Entscheidungsproblem
1936 Turing - 'On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem', Turing machine (TM) + Universal Turing Machine (UTM), first theorization of the stored-program computer
1937 Shannon - 'A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits', complete electronic logic gate through the switching circuit theory
1940 COMPUTER SCIENCE >> first Turing-complete computers
1948 Shannon - 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', Information theory
1948 CYBERNETICS >> Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
1950 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE >> Turing - 'Computing machinery and intelligence', Turing test
1959 Samuel - 'Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers' - Machine Learning
1966 Weizenbaum - ELIZA, first chatbot in natural language processing (NLP) systems
Books & Articles
Turing - Computing machinery and intelligence (1950)
Dreyfus - Alchemy and AI (1965)
Weizenbaum - ELIZA, a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine (1966)
to read
Turing - The essential Turing
Dreyfus - What Computers Can't Do (1972; 1979; 1992) / Mind over Machine (1986)
Asimov - Robot series (three laws of robotics + zeroth law)
Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
Shannon - A Mathematical Theory of Communication