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= AI - Artificial Intelligence=
= AI - Artificial Intelligence=
*automaton(animatronics/mechatronics/robotics/robot/android)
*computer science
*Logic (formal reasoning) + Philosophy of mathematic + Analytic Philosophy
*cryptography (secure communication)


== Sections ==
*Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
*Automated Planning and Scheduling
*Machine Learning
**Computer Chess
::>> NNS <br>
::[https://www.chessprogramming.org/NSS  chess programming wiki]
* Natural Language Processing (NLP)
** Chatbots
::[[User:Tancre/Prototyping/AI/ELIZA | ELIZA]]
*Computer Vision
*Robotics
*Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)


== Brief Historical Context ==
== Brief Historical Context ==
=== Ancient History ===
=== Ancient Greece ===
* Myth of '''Hephaestus and Pygmalion'''       // I would like to analyze better the relation between Hephaestus and Dedalus
* Mythology '''Hephaestus /Pygmalion / Dedalus''' (Talos/Pandora/Galatea)    // relation between Hephaestus and Dedalus + sphinx as a talking statue
* Aristotel  - '''Organon''' syllogistic logic, first attempt to rappresent logic operators in linguistic symbols + '''Antikythera mechanism''',  oldest analogue computer
* Aristotel  - 'Organon' '''syllogistic logic''', first attempt to rappresent logic operators in linguistic symbols + '''Antikythera mechanism''',  oldest analogue computer
 
=== 13th century ===
* Talking heads
* Raimond Llull
 
=== 15th century ===
* Gutenberg - Invention of printing (1456 Gutenberg Bible)
* Clocks
 
=== 17th century ===
1666 Leibniz - 'Ars combinatoria', '''symbolic logic''' <br>
 
=== 19th century ===
1822 Babbage - 'Note on the application of machinery to the computation of very big mathematical tables', '''Difference Engine''' <br>
1837 Babbage - 'On the Mathematical Power of the Calculating Engine', '''Analytical Engine''' <br>
1843 Lovelace - first published algorithm <br>
1847 Boole - 'Mathematical Analysis of Logic', '''Boolean logic''' (Boolean algebra, Binary logic) <br>
1847 De Morgan - 'Formal Logic', '''De Morgan's law''' <br>
Pierce <br>
Peano <br>
1884 Frege - 'Foundation of Arithmetic' <br>
 
=== 20th century ===
1913 Russell, Whitehead - 'Principia Mathematica' <br>
1920 Hilbert - '''Hilbert's program''' <br>
1921 Wittgenstein - 'Tractatus-logico philosophicus' <br>
1928 Hilbert - '''Entscheidungsproblem''' <br>
1931 Göedel - '''incompletness theorem''', impossibility to prove the '''Hilbert's program''' and to clarify the '''foundation of mathematics''' <br>
1936 Church, Turing - '''Church-Turing thesis''', impossibility to solve the Entscheidungsproblem <br>
1936 Turing - 'On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem', '''Turing machine (TM)''' + '''Universal Turing Machine (UTM)''', first theorization of the '''stored-program computer''' <br>
1937 Shannon - 'A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits', complete '''electronic logic gate''' through the '''switching circuit theory'''<br>
1940 '''COMPUTER SCIENCE''' >> first Turing-complete computers <br>
1948 Shannon - 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', '''Information theory''' <br>
1948 '''CYBERNETICS''' >> Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine <br>
1950 '''ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE''' >> Turing - 'Computing machinery and intelligence', '''Turing test''' <br>
1959 Samuel - 'Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers' - '''Machine Learning''' <br>
1966 Weizenbaum - '''ELIZA''', first '''chatbot''' in '''natural language processing (NLP)''' systems <br>
 
== Books & Articles ==
Turing - Computing machinery and intelligence (1950)<br>
Dreyfus - Alchemy and AI (1965) <br>
Weizenbaum - ELIZA, a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine (1966)<br>
 
<small>'''to read'''</small> <br>
Turing - [http://www.cse.chalmers.se/~aikmitr/papers/Turing.pdf The essential Turing] <br>
Dreyfus - What Computers Can't Do (1972; 1979; 1992) / Mind over Machine (1986) <br>
Asimov - Robot series (three laws of robotics + zeroth law) <br>
Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine <br>
Shannon - A Mathematical Theory of Communication

Latest revision as of 11:13, 15 April 2019

AI - Artificial Intelligence

  • automaton(animatronics/mechatronics/robotics/robot/android)
  • computer science
  • Logic (formal reasoning) + Philosophy of mathematic + Analytic Philosophy
  • cryptography (secure communication)

Sections

  • Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
  • Automated Planning and Scheduling
  • Machine Learning
    • Computer Chess
>> NNS
chess programming wiki
  • Natural Language Processing (NLP)
    • Chatbots
ELIZA
  • Computer Vision
  • Robotics
  • Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

Brief Historical Context

Ancient Greece

  • Mythology Hephaestus /Pygmalion / Dedalus (Talos/Pandora/Galatea) // relation between Hephaestus and Dedalus + sphinx as a talking statue
  • Aristotel - 'Organon' syllogistic logic, first attempt to rappresent logic operators in linguistic symbols + Antikythera mechanism, oldest analogue computer

13th century

  • Talking heads
  • Raimond Llull

15th century

  • Gutenberg - Invention of printing (1456 Gutenberg Bible)
  • Clocks

17th century

1666 Leibniz - 'Ars combinatoria', symbolic logic

19th century

1822 Babbage - 'Note on the application of machinery to the computation of very big mathematical tables', Difference Engine
1837 Babbage - 'On the Mathematical Power of the Calculating Engine', Analytical Engine
1843 Lovelace - first published algorithm
1847 Boole - 'Mathematical Analysis of Logic', Boolean logic (Boolean algebra, Binary logic)
1847 De Morgan - 'Formal Logic', De Morgan's law
Pierce
Peano
1884 Frege - 'Foundation of Arithmetic'

20th century

1913 Russell, Whitehead - 'Principia Mathematica'
1920 Hilbert - Hilbert's program
1921 Wittgenstein - 'Tractatus-logico philosophicus'
1928 Hilbert - Entscheidungsproblem
1931 Göedel - incompletness theorem, impossibility to prove the Hilbert's program and to clarify the foundation of mathematics
1936 Church, Turing - Church-Turing thesis, impossibility to solve the Entscheidungsproblem
1936 Turing - 'On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem', Turing machine (TM) + Universal Turing Machine (UTM), first theorization of the stored-program computer
1937 Shannon - 'A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits', complete electronic logic gate through the switching circuit theory
1940 COMPUTER SCIENCE >> first Turing-complete computers
1948 Shannon - 'A Mathematical Theory of Communication', Information theory
1948 CYBERNETICS >> Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
1950 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE >> Turing - 'Computing machinery and intelligence', Turing test
1959 Samuel - 'Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers' - Machine Learning
1966 Weizenbaum - ELIZA, first chatbot in natural language processing (NLP) systems

Books & Articles

Turing - Computing machinery and intelligence (1950)
Dreyfus - Alchemy and AI (1965)
Weizenbaum - ELIZA, a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine (1966)

to read
Turing - The essential Turing
Dreyfus - What Computers Can't Do (1972; 1979; 1992) / Mind over Machine (1986)
Asimov - Robot series (three laws of robotics + zeroth law)
Wiener - Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine
Shannon - A Mathematical Theory of Communication

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