View source for Designing the user experience in exhibition spaces - Elisa Rubegni, Caporali Maurizio, Antonio Rizzo, Erik Grönvall

= Notes =

" The
innovative part of this project doesn’t concern the
technologies used but the new user experience modality
enabled by technology in order to access and manage
the contents.
The proposed interaction model is based on the post-
Wimp paradigm. The exhibition space is pro-active and
affords user’s senso-motorial patterns in order to
enhanced the experience of the user during the visit
through the “magic wand”. Being a completely
transparent tool it allows visitors to increase their
experience visiting the exhibition. The magic wand acts
as a mediator enabling the user to stay focused on the
exhibition instead of the tool of interaction." (abstract)

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== HCI ((Human Computer Interaction) / direct manipulation==

"The principles of direct manipulation (Shneiderman,
1983) are fundamental concepts within the HCI (Human
Computer Interaction) leading the development of
graphical user interfaces towards Wimp (acronym that
stands for Windows, icons, menus and pointing device)."

== WIMP GUI (graphical user interface) intention ==

"The Wimp GUI
(Graphic User Interface) improves the human computer
interaction allowing a simple and easy access to the
applications and consequently it allows an increasing
amount of users."

== WIMP interaction model limits ==

"The Wimp GUI, even if supporting the user on his
activity better then the command-line environment,
doesn’t fill the semantic gap on the side of execution
between the intention and the execution of the action
(Norman, 1990)."

"The Wimp model is based on the fact that computers
have only keyboard and mouse as input devices that are
limited in comparison with the users set of actions. In
this perspective Wimp interfaces don’t solve the gap
between the users actions and set of commands. Even if
the Wimp model is a step forward in respect of the
command-line interface, a semantic distance between
formulation of intention and action execution still
remains."

== What is the WIMP interaction model  ==

"According to Beaudouin-Lafon the Wimp interaction
model (Beaudouin-Lafon, 2000) can be defined as:
application object displayed in document windows,
object can be selected and sometimes dragged and
dropped between different windows, commands are
invoked through menus or toolbars, often bringing up a
dialog box that must be filled in before the command’s
effect on the object is visible."

== Post-Wimp models ==

"The post-wimp interaction model has the
purpose to reduce this gap allowing an interaction
between the user and the manipulated object."

=== About Memex ===

"Memex consists of a desk, and while it can presumably
be operated from a distance, it is primarily the piece of
furniture from where a user works. On the top are
slanting translucent screens, on which material can be
projected for convenient reading.
The Memex vision strongly inspired the concepts of
Desktop, Hyperlink and the research activity of the
Xerox PARC Lab and the Ted Nelson project Xanadu."

[[File:Memex.jpg|300px|thumb|left|Memex is the name of the hypothetical electromechanical device that Vannevar Bush described in his 1945 article "As We May Think".]]

=== Other examples ===

"Currently, the most common examples of post-Wimp
interaction commercially available today are pen-based
handwriting recognition (such as Graffiti and Jot) used
in hand-held PDAs and TabletPCs (such as Penabled).
In these cases the user interacts with the Wimp interface
through a non Wimp object (touch screen technology
and the pen)"

=== Graspable interfaces (Fitzmaurice et al., 1995) ===

"In this kind of interfaces physical objects are
used as input devices to manipulate virtual objects. This
increases the user experience since interaction occurs in
the real world. An example of Graspable interfaces is
the Arcade games. The user interacts with the virtual
reality through objects such as joysticks, pads, steering
wheel and gear consoles. For example, in the golf
arcade games the player swings a real club and hits a
real ball. The ball trajectory is then simulated and
displayed on the screen."