UNIX - Revision history

Andre Castro at 07:43, 16 September 2019

2019-09-16T07:43:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 16 September 2019
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			[[File:Preface.jpg\|thumb\| left \|Brian W. Kernighan & Rob Pike, ''The Unix Programming Environment'', Prentice-Hall, 1984]]

			{{#widget:YouTube\|id=jowCUo_UGts}}


	=Beginnings of Unix=		=Beginnings of Unix=

Andre Castro at 13:41, 15 September 2019

2019-09-15T13:41:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:41, 15 September 2019
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	* Mac OsX		* Mac OsX
	** homebrew http://brew.sh/		** homebrew http://brew.sh/

			= Reading List =
			* Brian W. Kernighan & Rob Pike, '''The Unix Programming Environment''', Prentice-Hall, 1984
			* Peek, Jerry D., Tim Reilly, and Michael K. Loukides. '''UNIX Power Tools'''. Sebastopol, CA: Published in the United States by O'Reilly & Associates, 1997.
			* Stephenson, Neal. In the beginning ... was the command line. New York: Avon Books, 1999. [https://faculty.georgetown.edu/irvinem/theory/Stephenson-CommandLine-1999.pdf PDF]

Andre Castro: /* GNU Project */

2016-10-26T06:18:25Z

GNU Project

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 26 October 2016
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	== GNU Project ==		== GNU Project ==
	[[File:Stallman.png]]		[[File:Stallman.png\|right]]

	Across the Atlantic, Richard Stallman, was working on the GNU(Not Unix) project - an ''free'' Unix like operating system.		Across the Atlantic, Richard Stallman, was working on the GNU(Not Unix) project - an ''free'' Unix like operating system.

Andre Castro: /* GNU Project */

2016-10-26T06:17:49Z

GNU Project

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 26 October 2016
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	== GNU Project ==		== GNU Project ==
	[[File:Stallman.~~jpg~~]]		[[File:Stallman.png]]

	Across the Atlantic, Richard Stallman, was working on the GNU(Not Unix) project - an ''free'' Unix like operating system.		Across the Atlantic, Richard Stallman, was working on the GNU(Not Unix) project - an ''free'' Unix like operating system.
	and license a copyright license, the [[GPL - GNU General Public License]], that would guarantee its ''freedoms''.		and license a copyright license, the [[GPL\|GNU General Public License]], that would guarantee its ''freedoms''.

	According to Stallman's [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html.en Free Software definition]:		According to Stallman's [https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html.en Free Software definition]:
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	https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Tux-gnu-dynamic-duo.png		https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Tux-gnu-dynamic-duo.png



	== Unix and Unix-like operating systems ==		== Unix and Unix-like operating systems ==

Andre Castro at 06:16, 26 October 2016

2016-10-26T06:16:31Z

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 ** <code>ls foo/</code> list files and directories in child foo/ directory
 ** <code>ls /</code> list files and directories in root ( / == root )
+* every thing is a file
 Others emerged from the development and use of the system and crystallized  into the ''Unix Philosophy'':
 * '''Write programs that do one thing and one thing well'''
@@ Line 110: / Line 111: @@
 == Forking Minix: Linux ==
-As UNIX spred through computer science departments so did Minix.
+Like UNIX  had spread through computer science departments, so did Minix.
-In 1991-1998 a Helsinki computer science student named Linus Troval sent an email to the comp.os.minix user group
+In 1991 a Helsinki computer science student named Linus Troval sent an email to the comp.os.minix user group
 <source lang="email">
@@ Line 144: / Line 145: @@
 </source>
-* emphasis on Forking
+Yet again another fork of Unix: basing his design on Minix.
-== package managers
+== package managers==
 * Linux:
 ** aptitude

Andre Castro at 17:29, 25 October 2016

2016-10-25T17:29:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:29, 25 October 2016
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	* '''Write programs that handle text streams, because that is a universal interface'''		* '''Write programs that handle text streams, because that is a universal interface'''
	** <code>man -a intro \| espeak</code> Linux introduction to user commands.		** <code>man -a intro \| espeak</code> Linux introduction to user commands.


	== command arguments ==		== command arguments ==
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	* Linus licensed Linux under GPL as it was he had used the GNU C Complier		* Linus licensed Linux under GPL as it was he had used the GNU C Complier
	* The Kernel was an important element missing from the GNU project		* The Kernel was an important element missing from the GNU project
			* Linux distributions

	~~every thing is a file~~

	~~list of commands~~		=What did not fit into the story=
			== every thing is a file ==


			== package managers
	* Linux ~~distributions~~		* Linux:
	** ~~package managers:~~ aptitude		** aptitude
			** apt-get (lower level)
			** synaptic (graphic)
	* Mac OsX		* Mac OsX
	** homebrew http://brew.sh/		** homebrew http://brew.sh/

Andre Castro: /* Features of UNIX */

2016-10-25T17:20:25Z

Features of UNIX

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 * '''Write programs that handle text streams, because that is a universal interface'''
 ** <code>man -a intro | espeak</code> Linux introduction to user commands.
 =Distribution of UNIX=

Andre Castro at 07:35, 25 October 2016

2016-10-25T07:35:28Z

@@ Line 83: / Line 83: @@
 An extensive list Linux of man pages can be found in https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/
-==Forking UNIX==
+==Forking UNIX: Minix==
   every thing is a file
 * Linux distributions

Andre Castro at 17:12, 24 October 2016

2016-10-24T17:12:17Z

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 ** <code>man -a intro | espeak</code> Linux introduction to user commands.
-==Distribution of UNIX==
+=Distribution of UNIX=
   every thing is a file

Andre Castro: /* Features of UNIX */

2016-10-24T13:32:19Z

Features of UNIX

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 24 October 2016
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	* it was '''time-sharing''' system, allowing for mutiples users to login to the machine <code>ssh username@machineIP</code>		* it was '''time-sharing''' system, allowing for mutiples users to login to the machine <code>ssh username@machineIP</code>
	* included the '''shell:''' a program which performs command line interpretation <code>whoaim</code> <code>pwd</code> ~~(print working directory~~ - where am I) <code>date</code> <code>users</code>		* included the '''shell:''' a program which performs command line interpretation ** <code>whoaim</code>
			** <code>pwd</code> '''p'''rint '''w'''orking '''d'''irectory - where am I?
			** <code>date</code>
			** <code>users</code> print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host
			** <code>history</code> commands' history
	* tree-structured file system		* tree-structured file system
	** <code>tree ~/</code> list contents of home (~ == /home/username ) in a tree-like format		** <code>tree ~/</code> list contents of home (~ == /home/username ) in a tree-like format
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	Others emerged from the development and use of the system and crystallized into the ''Unix Philosophy'':		Others emerged from the development and use of the system and crystallized into the ''Unix Philosophy'':
	* Write programs that do one thing and one thing well <code>ls</code> lists files in a directory <code>cat</code> outputs content of file <code>wc</code> counts number of words in file		* '''Write programs that do one thing and one thing well'''
	* Write programs that work together		** <code>ls</code> lists files in a directory
	** <code>echo "hello UNIX world"\|sed 's/o/0/g'\|sed 's/e/3/g'\| sed 's/l/1/g'\|figlet</code>		** <code>cat</code> outputs content of file
	* Write programs that handle text streams, because that is a universal interface		** <code>wc</code> counts number of words in file
			* '''Write programs that work together'''
			** <code>echo "hello UNIX world" \| sed 's/o/0/g' \| sed 's/e/3/g' \| sed 's/l/1/g' \| figlet</code>
			* '''Write programs that handle text streams, because that is a universal interface'''
	** <code>man -a intro \| espeak</code> Linux introduction to user commands.		** <code>man -a intro \| espeak</code> Linux introduction to user commands.

			==Distribution of UNIX==




	man pages		man pages
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	every thing is a file		every thing is a file

	~~Distribution of UNIX~~

	Forking of UNIX		Forking of UNIX